对附加规范的批评性回应

Critical Replies to Additional Norms

认知责任的公平性和社会地位的多样性是扩展批评的语境经验主义规范的两种努力。但在朗基诺看来,学术权威的平等性同时适用于共识者和异议者,多样性并非来源于规范,而是来自起初致力于批评互动的认识论观点。多样性和共享标准之间的张力不需要更多的附加规范来缓和。共同体必须扩大自身的包容性,才能使批评的话语有效。此外,科学实践中的意会内容在经受住了批评性的审查之后才会转化为知识。

Both tempered distribution of epistemic responsibility and diversity of social position are attempting to expand the CCE norms. But from Longino’s view, the equality of intellectual authority applies to both consensus members and dissenters. Diversity stems not from the norms but from the epistemological point of turning to critical interaction in the first place. The tension between diversity and shared standards does not require additional norms to ease. A community has to expand itself to be more inclusive for the critical discourse to be effective. Besides, tacit or embodied content in scientific practice will transform into knowledge when it survives critical scrutiny.