中国哲学的诠释新径——论方东美的“机体主义”

A New Approach to the Interpretation of Chinese Philosophy: On Fang Dongmei's “Organism”

方东美借"机体主义"诠释中国哲学之特质,其"机体"思想具备三个向度的哲学意涵:第一,作为诠释方法的机体主义,它以中国传统文化为基础,并对怀特海机体哲学作出方法学上的提炼和转化;第二,作为本体论的机体主义,"普遍生命""双回向"的上下贯通使得人与宇宙世界的圆融无碍找到形上的依据,在儒道佛的阐释中分别体现为"生生""大道""真如";第三,作为中国哲学通性的"机体主义",它表现在儒道佛同俱"旁通统贯论""道论""人格超升论"等中国哲学之精神。此三种意涵构成方东美独到的认知范式,这种认知范式还理论于历史,还概念于语境,以"忠恕体物,道通为一"的整体思维方法以及体察万物的中庸之道对中国哲学作出真正"同情的理解"。

Fang Dongmei interprets the characteristics of Chinese philosophy with“ organicism”, and his“ organicism” has three philosophical implications: First, as an interpretive method, organism is based on traditional Chinese culture and makes methodological refinement and transformation of whitehead’s organics;second, as the ontology of the organism,“ universal life”,“ context-sensitive” from top to bottom through the integration of people and the universe without hindrance to find the basis of form, in the interpretation of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism respectively reflected as“ Shengsheng”,“ Tao”,“ Zhenru”;third, as the“ organism” common to Chinese philosophy, it is manifested in the spirit of Chinese philosophy that Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism all share the“ theory of bypass unity”,“ theory of Taoism”, and“ theory of personality transcendence”. These three contents constitute Fang Dongmei’s way of understanding Chinese philosophy, which is the application of the overall thinking and value concept of Chinese philosophy.