存在与本质——伊斯兰哲学中的本体论之争

Existence and Essence: The Ontological Debate in Islamic Philosophy

存在和本质问题是伊斯兰哲学史上的核心问题之一,围绕着二者本体论地位的争论一直持续至今。本文从阿维森纳关于存在—本质区分与联系的论述开始,介绍和分析这一问题所引发的分歧和争论,以及后期伊斯兰形而上学的主流传统何以转向存在优先论。

The issue of existence and essence is one of the crucial questions in the history of Islamic philosophy. The debates on their ontological status continue to this day. Beginning with the existence-essence distinction and the connection which is proposed by Avicenna, this article introduces and analyzes the continual dispute and divergence around this issue, and the problem of why and how the mainstream of the later tradition of Islamic metaphysics finally turns to the position of fundamentality of existence.