生态环境损害赔偿磋商的法律性质及规范构造

Legal Nature and Normative Structure of Consultation on Compensation for Ecological Environment Damage

赔偿磋商是生态环境损害赔偿制度的一项重要内容,目前在我国大力推行。但实践表明,赔偿磋商的法律性质尚不清晰。置于协商行政谱系来看,磋商行为属于协商性行政执法,磋商协议属于行政契约。在规范构造层面,需要强化公众参与,构筑赔偿权利人、赔偿义务人、专家、证人、第三方中立组织的磋商主体;凸显生态环境损害责任的承担及履行,确定磋商内容;兼顾权力控制与权利保障的消极面向,以及面向行政效率的积极面向,建构磋商程序;采用非诉行政执行程序,进行磋商救济。

Compensation negotiation is an important part of the compensation system for ecological environmental damage,and it is currently being vigorously promoted in China.However,practice shows that the legal nature of compensation negotiations is not clear.Judging from the negotiating administrative pedigree,the consultation is a negotiated administrative law enforcement,and the negotiation agreement is an administrative contract.At the normative structure level,it needs to be improved from four aspects.First of all, it is necessary to strengthen public participation and construct the consultation bodies of compensation rights holders,compensation obligors,experts,witnesses,and third-party neutral organizations.Secondly,the scope and fulfillment of the responsibility for ecological environmental damage were strengthened ,and determine the content of consultations.Third,Consider the power control and rights protection and administrative efficiency,build a consultation process.Finally,the non-litigation administrative enforcement procedures are used for the relief of consultation.