海洋微塑料污染及生物降解研究进展

Research progress on marine microplastic pollution and biodegradation

塑料因其易制造、功能多样、使用方便等原因多年来被大量生产并使用,但由此而产生的环境污染问题愈发严重。尤其是近年来研究发现大多数塑料制品被丢弃后并未完全降解,大量的塑料碎屑在海洋及陆地水体中形成了微塑料污染,对环境、生物及人类健康造成了威胁,目前海洋微塑料污染的相关研究主要集中在监测分布、毒性分析领域,降解方法的研究刚刚兴起。文章从海洋微塑料污染的来源、危害、监测、分析以及生物降解等几个方面综述了相关研究进展,并对海洋微塑料生物降解技术的发展进行了讨论及展望。

Plastics have been produced and used in large quantities for many years due to their ease of manufacture, versatility, and ease of use. However, the resulting environmental pollution problems have become more serious. In particular, recent studies have found that most plastic products are not completely degraded after being discarded. A large amount of plastic debris forms micro-plastic pollution in marine and terrestrial water bodies, posing a threat to the environment, biology and human health. Currently, marine micro-plastics Research on pollution is mainly focused on the field of monitoring distribution and toxicity analysis, and research on degradation methods has just begun. This paper reviews the research progress from the sources, hazards, monitoring, analysis and biodegradation of marine microplastics, and discusses the development of marine microplastic biodegradation technology.