古陶瓷釉面析晶的研究

Crystallization of Ancient Porcelain Glaze

研究选取青龙镇出土唐宋时期汀溪窑,东张窑,越窑,长沙窑等十个南方各窑口瓷片,并结合窑址出土的建窑、德清窑、龙泉窑瓷片,通过偏光显微镜显微观察了各窑口瓷片的釉层析晶现象, X射线荧光光谱仪测试了青龙镇出土各窑口瓷器的胎釉成分,研究了胎釉的原料配方。结果显示古代陶瓷析晶釉可以分为三种:(1)釉面上层氧化铁析晶;(2)釉层中靠近釉泡处钙长石析晶;(3)胎釉结合处钙长石针状析晶。析晶结构影响古代陶瓷的视觉效果,例如:汀溪窑和福建一带仿烧龙泉窑的胎釉结合处细碎状钙长石析晶结构与龙泉窑梅子青微观结构相似,这可能是其被称为"土龙泉"的原因。

Samples of different porcelain wares such as Tingxi ware and Dongzhang ware, etc. excavated from Qinglong Town were tested by EDXRF, SEM and polarizing microscope. Specimens of Jian ware, Deqing and Longquan wares were also tested for comparison. The results show that crystallization glazes of ancient times can be divided into three types: 1. iron oxide crystals on the glaze surface;2. calcium feldspar crystals in the middle of the glaze layer which is close to the glaze bubble;3. crystallization in the junction of the glaze and body. Disorderly anorthite crystallization of Tingxi ware and imitated Longquan ware is similar to the microstructure of Longquan ware, which resulted in the distinctive visual effect of ‘crude Longquan ware’.