2030年高效、绿色、灵活、经济的燃煤发电技术路线

Technological roadmap of coal-fired power featuring in high efficiency, green, flexibility and economical competition up to 2030

改革开放以来,中国的发电产业经历了巨大变化。传统化石能源发电机组的容量和发电量获得巨大提高,非化石能源发电比例不断上升。预计到2030年我国燃煤机组装机占总容量的比例仍将可观,期间大量300MW亚临界燃煤机组将退役,现有机组将进行改造,使得燃煤机组的新增和改造市场空间仍然巨大。新一代燃煤发电技术将在效率、绿色、灵活性上接近燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组,在发电经济性上将继续保持对燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组的较大优势。为此,一些接近成熟的新技术可用于工程实施。比如:初参数达到650℃～700℃的先进超超临界发电技术以;具有占地面积小、系统简单、低水耗和高效率的超临界CO_2发电技术;在综合效率和CO_2排放方面媲美燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电的煤-生物质-天然气多燃料耦合发电技术;为适应大规模火电和风电等新能源发电特点的高效灵活性煤电技术等。通过对这些技术的主要方案、效率指标、碳排放强度、灵活性指标、投资及运行经济性进行定性和定量的分析,为我国至2030年的清洁高效燃煤发电的发展提供借鉴。

Although the variable renewable energy(VRE)has been increasing in China,it is expected that the proportion of total capacity of coal-fired units will still be considerable.In the future 15 years,a large number of 300 MW sub-critical coal-fired units will be retired,and the existing units will be retrofitted.This could lead to a broad market for coal-fired units.The new generation of coal-fired unit will be similar to the combined cycle gas turbine(CCGT)unit in terms of efficiency,emission and flexibility.Furthermore it still keeps a larger advantage of power generation price over CCGT unit in the levelized cost of electricity(LCOE).Some near-mature technologies could be applied in practical project,such as,advanced ultra-supercritical(AUSC)technology under the parameters ranging from 650℃to 700℃,supercritical CO 2 cycle technology with features of less footprint,simple system,low water-consumption and high efficiency,coal-biomass-natural-gas hybrid technology with almost the same CO 2 emission and efficiency comparing with CCGT,high-efficient flexible technology for conventional coal-fired unit to fulfill the integration of variable energy production from renewables.Through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these technologies in aspects of main schemes,efficiency,carbon emission rate,flexibility,investment and operation cost,the technological roadmap can be regarded as a reference for development of clean and efficient coal-fired power industry in China up to 2030.