复合菌肥部分替代化肥对冬小麦氮素吸收的影响

Nitrogen Absorption of Winter Wheat Influenced by Combined Biofertilizer Replace Chemical Fertilizer

为削减农业源污染负荷,通过不同菌肥配施下化肥不同程度减量或与有机肥结合大田试验,设置5个处理:CK(N为200 kg/hm^2,P_2O_5为120 kg/hm^2)、B_1N_2P_2(菌肥1为7.5 kg/hm^2,N、P_2O_5比CK分别减量25%)、B_1ON_1P_1(菌肥1为7.5 kg/hm^2,有机肥为3 t/hm^2,N、P_2O_5比CK分别减量50%)、B_2N_2P_2(菌肥2为7.5 kg/hm^2,N、P_2O_5比CK分别减量25%)、B_2ON_1P_1(菌肥2为7.5 kg/hm^2,有机肥为3 t/hm^2,N、P_2O_5比CK分别减量50%),研究了复合菌肥配施下山东滨州冬小麦地上吸氮量和吸氮速率及产量和氮素利用率的变化特征。结果表明:施用菌肥能增加拔节、灌浆和成熟期冬小麦地上吸氮量,菌肥配施下化肥减量25%能提高拔节和灌浆期地上吸氮速率和叶片SPAD值,并提高冬小麦的产量和氮素籽粒分配比例;B_2N_2P_2的氮素吸收效率显著高于菌肥1和CK,收获时B_2N_2P_2的地上吸氮量、籽粒吸氮量和产量均最高。由此可见,与CK相比,菌肥配施下化肥减量25%能促进冬小麦吸氮并提高氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数和氮肥偏生产力。

Compound biofertilizers has been identified as an alternative to chemical fertilizer for increasing the soil fertility and crop production in sustainable farming.Nitrogen plays a vital role in the growth and yield of winter wheat,and is one of the main nutrients for water pollution.The use of biofertilizer can not only increase the plant biomass but also improve the total plant N assimilation.To reduce the agricultural source pollution load,a field experiment with five treatments was conducted by reducing the application of chemical fertilizer,and combined with biofertilizers or organic fertilizer to study the overground nitrogen uptake and utilization,and the grain yield of winter wheat in Binzhou,Shandong Province.The five treatments were: CK (N 200 kg/ha,P2O5 120 kg/ha,full dose),B1N2P2 (biofertilizer 1 7.5 kg/ha,N and P2O5 75% of the full dose),B1ON1P1 (biofertilizer 1 7.5 kg/ha,organic fertilizer 3 t/ha,N and P2O5 50% of the full dose),B2N2P2 (biofertilizer 2 7.5 kg/ha,N and P2O5 75% of the full dose);and B2ON1P1 (biofertilizer 2 7.5 kg/ha,organic fertilizer 3 t/ha,N and P2O5 50% of the full dose).The results showed that the application of biofertilizers could increase the overground nitrogen uptake amount of winter wheat at jointing and filling and maturing stages.The use of biofertilizers plus 25% reduction of chemical fertilizer could increase the overground nitrogen uptake rate and leaf SPAD value at jointing and filling stages,and also raise the yield and the rate of nitrogen allocation to grain.The nitrogen uptake efficiency of B2N2P2 was higher than those of biofertilizer 1 and CK.In the harvest time,B2N2P2 had the highest overground nitrogen uptake amount,grain nitrogen uptake amount and yield.In conclusion,the application of biofertilizers plus 25% reduction of chemical fertilizers could promote the nitrogen uptake,and increase the nitrogen harvest index,nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of winter wheat,compared with CK.