中国五大自然区域玉米土壤速效钾丰缺指标推荐施肥系统

Corn fertilizer recommendation system based on the abundance-deficiency index of soil available K in five great natural regions of China

为了给玉米测土施钾提供科学依据,采用零散理论数据整合法、土壤养分含量与缺素处理相对产量回归方程法和"养分平衡-地力差减法"确定适宜施肥量新应用公式,开展了东北平原、黄淮海平原、黄土高原、西北荒漠绿洲区和西南山地丘陵区土壤速效钾丰缺指标与适宜施钾量研究。结果表明,东北平原玉米土壤速效钾第1～5级丰缺指标依次为≥167,121～167,63～121,33～63和<33 mg/kg,黄淮海平原依次为≥176,112～176,46～112,19～46和<19 mg/kg,西南山地丘陵区依次为≥186,124～186,55～124,24～55和<24 mg/kg,黄土高原依次为≥269,187～269,91～187,44～91和<44 mg/kg,西北荒漠绿洲区土壤速效钾第1～6级丰缺指标依次为≥205,166～205,110～166,73～110,48～73和<48 mg/kg;当钾肥当季利用率50%时,土壤速效钾丰缺级别第1～6级的籽实玉米(目标产量6～15 t/hm^2)适宜施钾量依次为0,25～63,50～126,76～189,101～252,126～315 kg/hm^2,青贮玉米(目标产量30～120 t/hm^2)适宜施钾量依次为0,21～84,42～168,63～252,84～336,105～420 kg/hm^2。

To provide a scientific basis for corn potassium (K) fertilization,the abundance-deficiency index(ADI) of soil available K for corn(SAKFC) and the appropriate K fertilizer application rates(APFAR) for corn in the Northeast plain,the Huang-huai-hai plain,the loess plateau,the northwest desert oasis area,and the southwest hilly area were studied.The methods of scattered theoretical data integration,regression equation between relative yield in the absence of K fertilizer and soil available K content,and the new applied formula based on “nutrient balance and projected yield minus soil fertility yield” for determining the appropriate fertilizer application rates were employed.The results showed that the ADI of SAKFC in the Northeast plain for the first to fifth level was≥167,121-167,63-121,33-63 and<33 mg/kg,respectively.The ADI of SAKFC in the Huang-huai-hai plain for the first to the fifth level was≥176,112-176,46-112,19-46 and<19 mg/kg,respectively.The ADI of SAKFC in the southwest hilly area for the first to the fifth level was≥186,124-186,55-124, 24-55 and<24 mg/kg,respectively.The ADI of SAKFC in the loess plateau for the first to the fifth level was≥269,187-269, 91-187,44-91 and <44 mg/kg,respectively.The ADI of SAKFC in the northwest desert oasis area for the first to sixth level was≥205,166-205,110-166,73-110,48-73 and<48 mg/kg,respectively.When the K fertilizer use efficiency in the current season was 50%,the APFAR for grain corn(target yield of 6-15 t/hm^2) for the first to the sixth level was 0,25-63,50-126, 76-189,101-252 and 126-315 kg/hm2,respectively.The APFAR for silage corn(target yield of 30-120 t/hm^2) for the first to the sixth level was 0,21-84,42-168,63-252,84-336 and 105-420 kg/hm^2,respectively.