京津冀城市群绿色土地利用效率研究

Research on green land-use efficiency of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration

中国高速的经济发展给生态环境造成了巨大压力,土地作为三生空间的重要载体,其绿色、高效利用是实现国家可持续发展的重要保障。针对现有土地利用效率评价普遍重经济效益、轻资源环境约束的情况,本文借鉴绿色经济效率评价方法,在传统土地利用评价的基础上,构建克莱姆(KLEM)全要素生产函数,将能源消耗、环境污染等要素纳入投入产出体系,运用基于松弛变量的超效率测度模型(SSBM)对京津冀城市群2006—2016年期间城市建设用地绿色利用效率进行测度。研究发现,其效率总体变化与土地、环境政策的出台实施密切相关,随着政策的出台曲折变化、缓慢提升,2016年的效率水平略高于2006年,能源消耗的投入冗余及工业废水排放、工业二氧化硫排放、工业烟粉尘排放等非期望产出冗余是制约绿色土地利用效率水平的主要因素。城市群内部各城市效率差距较大,且有继续扩大之势,其效率值与城市总体经济发展水平正相关,与建设用地扩张负相关。产业结构单一的资源型城市、经济欠发达的传统产业城市、地均产出较低的生态区域城市等多处于中等水平。通过空间相关性分析,各城市之间存在全局弱空间正相关关联效应,具有局部空间集聚现象,其中天津、唐山空间正溢出效应明显,而北京则虹吸作用较大,环京周边城市绿色土地利用效率水平普遍较低。鉴于研究结论,从继续发挥政府政策调控作用,协调建设用地经济增长与环境保护的关系,制定不同绿色土地利用效率标准,探索建设用地使用权跨区域配置、存量生态用地跨区域整治的可行途径等方面提出了提高绿色土地利用效率的相关建议。

The high speed economic development has brought enormous pressure to the ecologic environment. Land, as the critical carrier of the space for production and living and ecological, whose green and efficient utilization is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the country. In view of the fact that the existing land use efficiency evaluation generally attaches importance to economic benefits and neglects the restraint of resources and environment, and on the basis of the evaluation of traditional land use,this paper uses the green economic efficiency evaluation method for reference,brings the energy consumption, environmental pollution, etc. into the input-output system by building KLEM all-factors production function, and takes an estimation with SSBM model on the green land utilization efficiency of the urban construction land of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration from 2006 to 2016. The study shows that the overall efficiency variation of the urban agglomeration is closely related with the land and environment policies. With the flexible and slowly promoted policies, efficiency of 2016 is a little higher than that of 2006. The input redundancy of energy consumption, discharge of industrial wastewater, emission of industrial sulfur dioxide and smoke and dust, as the unexpected output redundancy, are the key factors to restrict the green land utilization. The efficiency gap between cities within the urban agglomeration is relatively large and continues to expand. Its efficiency is positively related to the overall economic development level of the city, and is negatively related to the expansion of the construction land. The resource-based cities with single industrial structure, the traditional industrial cities with underdeveloped economy, and the eco-regional cities with low land output are in the middle level. By the spatial correlation analysis, there is overall weak space positive correlation effect between cities, and the partial spatial agglomeration phenomenon appears, however, the spacial spillover effect in particular cities is not that obvious. The spatial spillover effect of Tianjin and Tangshan is obvious, while the siphon effect of Beijing is greater, and the level of green land use efficiency around Beijing is generally low. In view of the study conclusion, relative suggestions on improving the green land-use efficiency are put forward from about continuing to play the role of government policy regulation, coordinating the economic growth of construction land utilization with the environment protection, formulating the standard of different green land use efficiency, exploring the transregional collocation of the construction land utilization right, and feasible ways to transregional renovation of the stock ecological land utilization etc.