七种坚果仁中多酚、三萜含量及其抗氧化活性比较

Contents of polyphenols and triterpenoids in seven types of nuts and their antioxidant activities

坚果因富含抗氧化等活性成分已成为备受推崇的休闲食品。该研究将核桃、巴旦木、银杏果、花生、葵花籽、野生和种植香榧仁进行对比,评价7种坚果仁的活性成分含量及其抗氧化能力差异。结果表明,不同坚果的主要活性成分和抗氧化能力存在显著差异(P <0. 05)。葵花籽仁和核桃仁中分别具有最高的总黄酮(35. 16 mg Qu E/g DM)和总酚含量(9. 69 mg GAE/g DM)(槲皮素,quercetin equivalent,Qu E;干原料,dry material,DM;没食子酸,gallic acid equivalent,GAE),(齐墩果酸,oleanolic acid equivalent,OAE),其次为种植香榧仁;种植香榧仁具有最高的总三萜含量(4. 37 mg OAE/g DM),其次为核桃仁。抗氧化实验表明,种植香榧仁提取物具有最高的DPPH·和ABTS+·清除能力,其IC50值分别为0. 08 mg E./m L和0. 07 mg E./m L(提取物,extract. E.),但核桃仁提取物的Fe3+还原能力最高,其槲皮素当量还原能力为115. 25 mg Qu E/g E.,种植香榧仁的还原能力次之。以上结果表明,种植香榧仁具有较高的活性成分含量和抗氧化活性,是优于巴旦木、银杏果、花生和葵花籽仁的天然抗氧化剂资源。

Nuts have been a popular leisure food as they are rich in antioxidants and other bioactive compounds.This research was designed to investigate the contents of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of walnut kernels,almonds,ginkgo seeds,peanuts,sunflower seeds,wild and cultivated Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii seeds(TGMS). The results indicated that different nut extracts varied significantly in contents of phenolics,flavonoids,and triterpenoids,as well as antioxidant activities( P < 0. 05). Extracts of sunflower seeds and walnut kernels possessed the highest total flavonoids content(35. 16 mg Qu E/g DM) and total phenolics content(9. 69 mg GAE/g DM),respectively,followed by cultivated TGMS extracts. Meanwhile,cultivated TGMS extracts had the highest total triterpenoids content(4. 37 mg OAE/g DM),followed by walnut extracts. Antioxidant assays revealed that cultivated TGMS extracts showed the strongest DPPH· and ABTS+· scavenging abilities,with the IC50 values of 0. 08 mg E./m L and 0. 07 mg E./m L,respectively. However,the best Fe3 +reducing ability was detected in walnut kernels extracts,and the quercetin equivalent reducing power was 115. 25 mg Qu E/g E.,followed by cultivated TGMS extracts.Therefore,cultivated TGMS possessed considerable bioactive compounds and high antioxidant activities,which was a better antioxidant resource than almonds,ginkgo seeds,peanuts and sunflower seeds. This study may provide references for selecting nuts and evaluating their nutritional values.