中山市学龄儿童行为问题及影响因素研究

Behavior problems and influencing factors of school-age children in Zhongshan

目的分析中山市3～6年级学龄儿童的行为问题及影响因素,为儿童行为问题早期干预提供依据。方法按照中山市城区和镇区人口比例,采用分层抽样方法抽取中山市8所小学(城区3所、镇区5所) 3～6年级在校学生;采用Conners父母症状问卷(PSQ)调查儿童行为问题,采用一般情况表调查人口学信息、家庭教养方式等情况,采用Logistic回归模型分析学龄儿童行为问题的影响因素。结果发放问卷2 292份,回收有效问卷2 236份,有效率为97.56%。行为问题阳性率为11.72%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女生(OR=1.594,95%CI:1.170～2.171),出生窒息(OR=2.372, 95%CI:1.320～4.261),家庭教养方式为放任(OR=3.326, 95%CI:1.450～7.630)、溺爱(OR=3.244,95%CI:1.867～5.638)、专制(OR=2.609,95%CI:1.584～4.296)、混合(OR=2.313,95%CI:1.669～3.207),父亲每周与儿童相处时间<4 h (OR=1.551,95%CI:1.052～2.286),曾经历生活变故(OR=2.188,95%CI:1.448～3.308),居住地在镇区(OR=2.031,95%CI:1.330～3.102),学习成绩一般(OR=2.786,95%CI:1.868～4.156)、差(OR=6.665, 95%CI:3.236～13.727)、很差(OR=25.068,95%CI:5.786～108.617)是学龄儿童出现行为问题的危险因素;母亲职业为公务员或专业技术人员(OR=0.449,95%CI:0.238～0.844)和高年级(OR5年级=0.496,95%CI:0.339～0.727;OR6年级=0.468, 95%CI:0.309～0.710)是学龄儿童出现行为问题的保护因素。结论女生、出生窒息、母亲职业、家庭教养方式、父亲与孩子相处时间少、生活变故、居住地、年级和学习成绩是学龄儿童行为问题的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the behavior problems and influencing factors of school-age students from the third to the sixth grade in Zhongshan,and to provide evidence for early intervention of behavior problems in children. Methods According to the proportion of population in urban area and township in Zhongshan,students of Grade Three to Six from eight primary schools(three in urban area and five in township) were recruited by stratified sampling method. The behavior problems in children were assessed by the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ). Sociodemographic information,family discipline and so on was investigated by a general questionnaire. The influencing factors for behavior problems were analyzed by a logistic regression model.Results A total of 2 292 questionnaires were issued,and 2 236 valid questionnaires were recycled,with an effective rate of97.56%. The positive rate of behavioral problems was 11.72%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for behavior problems were females(OR=1.594,95%CI:1.170-2.171),birth asphyxia(OR=2.372,95%CI:1.320-4.261), main family discipline(laissez-faire: OR=3.326, 95% CI: 1.450-7.630;doting: OR=3.244, 95% CI:1.867-5.638;autocratic:OR=2.609,95%CI:1.584-4.296,mixed:OR=2.313,95%CI:1.669-3.207),less than four hours per week for father-child communication(OR=1.551,95%CI:1.052-2.286),negative life events(OR=2.188,95%CI:1.448-3.308),living in township(OR=2.031,95%CI:1.330-3.102),academic performance(average:OR=2.786,95%CI:1.868-4.156;poor:OR=6.665,95%CI:3.236-13.727;very poor:OR=25.068,95%CI:5.786-108.617);the protective factors were occupation of mother as civil servants or professional personnel(OR=0.449,95%CI: 0.238-0.844) and higher grades(Grade Five: OR=0.496, 95% CI: 0.339-0.727;Grade Six: OR=0.468, 95% CI: 0.309-0.710). Conclusion Females,birth asphyxia,main family discipline,less communication between father and child,occupation of mother,negative life events,place of residence,academic performance and grade were the influencing factors for behavior problems.