轻质油品罐区流淌火灾发展特征和危害研究

Study of spreading characteristics and hazards of spill fire in light oil storage tank area

为了研究罐区储运过程中发生泄漏导致的流淌火事故,设计并搭建了流淌火燃烧试验平台。采用流淌火燃烧试验平台和CFD数值计算2种方法研究了汽油流淌燃烧特性,对比分析表明,流淌火实体试验与CFD数值计算的结果误差在可接受范围内。基于上述结论,以防火堤内储存汽油的4个2 000 m^3汽油储罐罐组为研究对象,模拟计算输油管道泄漏至防火堤内引发流淌性火灾的危害特性,得到了流淌火灾蔓延发展过程以及流淌面积、温度场等特征参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:泄漏速率保持不变时,流淌面积逐渐增大直至趋于稳定,其增长速率不断减小;流淌火发展至稳定燃烧阶段时,临近储罐被火焰包围,其中高度为5 m处的罐壁温度和辐射强度最大,温度在1 300℃左右波动,辐射强度稳定在500 k W/m^2左右。

Aimed at the leak-caused fire hazard that probably occurred in the storage and transportation of the liquid fuel in petrochemical industry,a spill fire experimental platform was designed and constructed. With the method of both experiment and CFD calculation,the spill fire property of gasoline was studied and the error between the experimental results and CFD calculation stays in an acceptable range. Based on the conclusion,the spreading characteristics and hazards of spill fire caused by the leakage in the pipeline in light oil storage tank area were studied with the method of CFD calculation. Parameters were analyzed,including the burning area,temperature field and radiation field. Results indicate that,when the leakage rate remained unchanged,the burning area increased gradually until it became stable and the growth rate decreased continuously. In stable combustion stage,the nearest tank was surrounded by flames when the spill fire in tank area developed to the stable combustion stage. The temperature fluctuated around 1 300 ℃ for the testing point with a height of 5 m,as well as the radiation stabilized at about 500 kw/m^2. The spread rule and hazard characteristics of flowing fire could provide theoretical guidance for fire and explosion prevention of leakage accidents in the storage and pipeline transportation of the liquid fuel.