不同楼梯布局条件下行人疏散效果仿真研究

Simulation on the evacuation effect of downstream people in different staircase layout conditions

为研究不同楼梯类型的行人疏散效果,改进传统社会力模型,模拟4种常见梯形中行人的疏散过程,并通过总疏散时间和平均疏散速度指标以及微观速度密度分布图分析其疏散效果中存在的内在物理机制。研究表明:从安全和高效疏散角度上看,在限定空间中,单跑无平台梯形布局有利于低密度人群下人员的快速疏散;在中、高密度人群中,双分梯形的分流特点更有利于人员安全、快速疏散。从微观密度、速度分布图可看到这4种梯形在人员疏散过程中均易造成人员聚集拥堵,但发生事故风险的位置不同。单跑有、无平台梯形在楼梯上端和下端均易发生拥堵,且此时速度值大,发生事故的风险高;双分与双跑梯形在楼梯与平台的转角处易发生拥堵。

In order to study the pedestrian evacuation effect of different types of,the traditional social force model is improved,and the evacuations process of pedestrian in four common staircase are simulated. The intrinsic physical mechanism on evacuation effect which exists in the four types of is analyzed by means of the index of total evacuation time and average evacuation velocity,as well as the microscopic velocity and density distribution map. The results show that from the perspective of safety and efficient evacuation,in the limited space,the single-run,platform-free trapezoidal layout is conductive to the rapid evacuation of personnel in low-density populations. In the case of medium-density and high-density population,the double-divided trapezoidal shunting feature is more conducive to personnel safety and rapid evacuation. It can be seen from micro-density and velocity distribution map that these four kinds of staircase are easy to cause people to gather and congest during the evacuation process,but the location of the accidents risk is different. Single-run and no-platform staircase are prone to congestion at the upper and lower ends of the,and the speed value is large at this time,and the risk of accidents is high;the double-divided and double-run staircase are prone to congestion at the corners of the and the platform.