辽宁省生态系统土壤保持功能的空间分布特征

土壤保持是生态系统提供的重要调节服务之一,控制土壤侵蚀,提升和保障土壤生态系统服务功能,是维护区域生态安全,实现可持续发展的重要手段。探明辽宁省生态系统土壤保持功能的空间分布特征,将有助于生态系统和土地利用管理,为国土空间规划提供重要依据。以辽宁省全域为主要研究区域,利用修正通用水土流失方程计算土壤保持量,综合分析辽宁省土壤保持功能的空间分布特征。辽宁省土壤保持量在0～221 t/(hm^2·a),土壤保持总量为8.57×10~7 t/a。其中本溪市平均土壤保持量最高,为16.91 t/(hm^2·a);盘锦市平均土壤保持量最低,为0.40 t/(hm^2·a)。按照生态系统划分,辽宁省森林生态系统平均土壤保持量最高,为12.15 t/(hm^2·a);建设用地平均土壤保持量较低,为0.77 t/(hm^2·a)。辽宁省生态系统土壤保持功能总体呈现为辽宁东部山区较高、辽宁西部山地丘陵区其次、中部平原较低的特征。未来控制建设用地和农业用地开发,增加地表覆盖是增强土壤保持功能的重要手段。

Soil conservation is one of the important regulating services provided by the ecosystem. Enhancing the soil conservation by controlling soil erosion is an important means to maintain regional ecological security and achieve sustainable development. To explore the spatial pattern of soil conservation function in Liaoning ecosystem will be helpful to land use management planning. Taking Liaoning province as the main research area, this paper calculated the soil conservation amount by using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) to analyze the spatial pattern of soil conservation function. Soil conservation amount in Liaoning province ranged from 0 to 221 t/hm^2·a^-1, and the total soil conservation amount was 8.57·10^7 t/a. Among them, the average soil conservation amount in Benxi city is the highest, which is 16.91 t/(hm^2·a). The average soil conservation in Panjin city was the lowest, 0.40 t/hm^2·a^-1. According to the classification of ecosystem, the average soil conservation amount of forest ecosystem in Liaoning Province is the highest, which is 12.15 t/hm^2·a^-1. The average soil conservation amount of construction land is relatively low, which is 0.77 t/hm^2·a^-1. The soil conservation function in Liaoning province ecosystem is generally characterized by the highest value in eastern Liaoning with mountain areas, the second in western Liaoning with hilly areas and the lowest in central Liaoning with plain land use. In the future, controlling the unlimited sprawling of construction and agricultural land use are important measures to enhance soil conservation function.