植被复垦对露天煤矿排土场土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的影响

以黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场不同植被类型(油松+杨树(B1)、油松+披肩草+苜蓿(B2)、苜蓿(B3))土壤为研究对象,以未复垦土壤为对照(CK),探讨了不同植被类型条件下浅层(0～20 cm)土壤理化性质和酶活性变化特征,以及两者之间的相关分析。结果表明,植被复垦对土壤理化性质和酶活性有一定的改善,表现为B3>B2>B1>CK。土壤有机碳和酶活性随着土层深度的加深而降低,土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质之间存在不同程度的相关性,土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶与土壤有机碳呈显著正相关关系;不同植被类型间土壤酶活性和有机碳亦存在显著差异,均表现为苜蓿显著高于其他植被类型及CK。综上所述,苜蓿的复垦利于土壤有机碳的积累和土壤酶活性的提高,对于土壤质量的恢复有重要意义。

In order to understand the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of shallow (0~20 cm) soil under different vegetation types and the relationships between them,four kinds of vegetation types:“Pinus tabulaeformis + poplar”(B1),“Pinus tabulaeformis + Elymus nutans+ Medicagosativa”(B2),Alfafa(B3),abandoned land(CK, as reference)were selected as research objects in Heidaigou Opencast Coal Mine. The results showed that soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities had been improved certainly by vegetation reclamation:B3>B2>B1>CK. The soil organic carbon and soil enzyme activity declined with deepening of soil depth. There were different degrees of correlations between soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical properties, soil Sucrase and Urease were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon positively;there were also significant difference in soil enzyme activities and organic carbon among different vegetation types, of which Alfafa (B3) was significantly higher than the others. It can be indicated that reclamation of mining area soil with Alfalfa cultivation can improve the soil organic carbon and the soil enzyme activities,which has important significance for the restoration of soil quality.