烟威海域游泳动物群落结构研究

Study of nekton community structure in the offshore of Yantai and Weihai

根据2016—2017年4个季度烟威海域渔业资源底拖网调查数据,分析了游泳动物群落结构特征。结果表明:烟威海域4个季节调查共捕获游泳动物121种,其中鱼类79种,甲壳类36种(虾类20种,蟹类16种),头足类6种。优势种为鳀(Engraulis japonicas)、细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)、黄鮟鱇(Lophius litulon)、日本褐虾(Crangon hakodatei)。游泳动物种类Margalef丰富度指数(D)的变化范围为2.50～2.90,ShannonWiener多样性指数(H')变化范围为1.62～1.79,Pielou均匀度指数(J')变化范围为0.55～0.59。根据聚类分析结果,烟威海域游泳动物群落可以划分为3组:组1(深水组)、组2(浅水组)、组3(低生物量组)。相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明,组间季节差异明显(P<0.01)。相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)表明,细纹狮子鱼、黄鮟鱇、日本褐虾为组1主要典型贡献种,口虾蛄(Oratosquil laoratoria)、鳀、日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)为组2典型贡献种,组3典型贡献种在春季为日本褐虾和细纹狮子鱼,冬季为高眼鲽(Cleisthenes herzensteini)、黄鮟鱇和方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)。其中组3站位全部位于水深超过50 m的海域,且主要贡献种都为冷水性、底栖习性物种,在夏、秋季时,组3内主要典型种贡献降低,因此归为组1。

According to fishery research data in Yantai and Weihai sea areas done in autumn and winter of 2016,spring and summer of 2017 at 55 stations,the species composition and community structural diversity of nekton was examined. Analyses were performed using an index of relative importance,ecological diversity indices,multivariate analysis MDS,and CLUSTER by PRIMER 6 software and other methods. We identified 121 nekton species: 79 fishes,36 crustaceans including 20 shrimps and 16 crabs,and 6 cephalopods,belonging to 34 families and 59 genera. There were 4 dominant species of 4 surveys: Engraulis japonicus,Liparis tanakae,Lophius litulon and Crangon hakodatei. Margalef’s species richness index(D),ShannonWiener diversity index(H’),and Pielou’s evenness index(J’) of the community structure ranged from 2.50 to 2.90,1.62 to 1.79,0.55 to 0.59. Community structure of nekton in the Yantai and Weihai sea areas can be divided into three groups: deep water group(group 1),shallow water group(group 2),less catch group(group 3). ANOSIM analysis showed that species compositions in 3 groups were significantly different(P < 0.01),with very significant differences between any two groups(P < 0.01). The typical within-group species and discriminating species between groups had a significant influence on the community structure. The typical within-group species of group 1 was Liparis tanakae,Lophius litulon and Crangon hakodatei. For Group 2,Oratosquilla oratoria,Engraulis japonicus and Scomber japonicus were typical withingroup species. For group 3,the typical within-group species in spring were Crangon hakodatei and Liparis tanakae and in winter were Cleisthenes herzensteini,Lophius litulon and Enedrias fangi. The typical withingroup species of group 3 was cold water species and they all lived in deep water like the species of group 1.And in summer and autumn,group 1 and group 3 were in the same group. Therefor we believed that group 3 was part of group 1.