2014年广西汉、瑶族9～18岁学生近视情况及影响因素分析

Prevalence of myopia and associated factors of students aged 9-18 years in Han and Yao nationalities in Guangxi in 2014

目的:分析探讨广西汉、瑶族9～18岁学生近视情况及其与体质健康、行为生活因素的关联性,为探索近视病因、制定适宜的预防近视干预措施提供参考依据。方法:以2014年中国学生体质与健康调研中的广西汉、瑶族学生样本为基础,选出资料完整的汉族学生4 551人、瑶族学生1 274人为本文分析样本,采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析9～18岁的汉、瑶族学生的体质健康状况和行为生活方式与学生近视的相关关系。结果:2014年广西汉、瑶族9～18岁学生的筛查近视率分别为56.95%和46.94%,汉族近视率高于瑶族(P<0.05);汉、瑶族女生近视率均高于男生(P<0.05);汉族城、乡学生近视率分别为59.70%和54.39%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。汉、瑶两民族学生近视率在不同学段间的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,性别、年龄与汉、瑶族学生近视均有关联(P<0.05)。此外,汉族学生近视与做家庭作业的时间(OR=1.10)呈正性相关,与看电视时间呈负性相关(OR=0.92)(均P<0.05);瑶族学生近视与吃早餐情况(OR=0.79)、喝牛奶情况(OR=0.59)呈负性相关(均P<0.05)。结论:广西汉、瑶族学生近视的影响因素既有共同点也有不同处,近视预防应该针对不同民族的具体情况采取相应的干预措施。

Objective: To investigate the effects of growth and development level and environmental factors on myopia of students aged 9 to 18 in Han and Yao nationalities in Guangxi,and provide scientific basis for exploring suitable comprehensive intervention mode. Methods: Based on the samples of Han and Yao nationality students in Guangxi in 2014,the correlation between physical health status and behavior lifestyle with myopia of students was analyzedby multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: In 2014,the myopia screening rates of Han and Yao students aged 9 to 18 were 56.95% and 46.94%.The myopia rate of Han nationality was higher than that of Yao nationality (P<0.05).The myopia rate of girls was higher than that of males (P<0.05).The myopia rates of urban and rural students of Han were 59.70% and 54.39%,respectively (P<0.05).There was significant difference in myopia rate between the two ethnic groups (P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that gender and age were the common factors influencing myopia.The time of doing homework (OR=1.10) was positively correlated with myopia,while TV viewing time(OR=0.92) was negatively correlated with myopia of Han nationality(P<0.05).There was a negative correlation betweenbreakfast(OR=0.79) and milk drinking(OR=0.59)with myopia of Yao nationality(P<0.05). Conclusion: The influencing factorsof myopia of students aged 9 to 18 inHan and Yao nationalities in Guangxi have both similarities and differences,and the prevention of myopia should take corresponding intervention measures according to the specific conditions of different nationalities.