含氮杂环桐油基硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备及性能表征

Preparation and Characterization of Nitrogen-containing Heterocyclic Tung Oil-based Rigid Polyurethane Foam

环氧桐油酸甘油单酯(EGTO)与三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯(THEIC)发生开环反应合成含氮杂环桐油基多元醇(PTOT),并以PTOT部分取代苯酐聚酯多元醇(PAPP)制备含氮杂环桐油基硬质聚氨酯沫塑料。采用FT-IR、~1H NMR、TG和万能试验机等测试手段对产物的结构和性能进行表征。研究结果表明:通过开环反应可以制备得到羟值为378.42 mg/g,黏度(25℃)为1.84 Pa·s,酸值低于0.8 mg/g,水分低于0.1%的PTOT。随着PTOT替代量的增加,泡沫的极限氧指数(LOI)增大,由19.7%上升至23.0%;而压缩强度和热稳定性呈现下降趋势,由0.85 MPa降至0.59 MPa,初始热分解温度由276.0℃降至273.5℃。添加适量的纤维素能够增强硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的压缩性能而保持其阻燃性能和热稳定性不降低。

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic tung oil-based polyol (PTOT) was synthesized by the ring opening reaction between epoxidized eleostearic acid monoglyceride (EGTO) and 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC). PTOT was used to substitute part of phthalic anhydride polyester polyol (PAPP) to prepare rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF). FT-IR, 1 H NMR, TG and universal testing machine were employed to characterize the chemical structure and the properties of the products. It can conclude that PTOT was obtained by the ring opening reaction, and the hydroxyl value and viscosity (25 ℃), acid value and moisture of PTOT were 378.42 mg/g and 1.84 Pa · s, respectively. The acid value was lower than 0.8 mg/g and the moisture was lower than 0.1%.With the increase of PTOT substitution amount, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the RPUF was increased while the compressive strength and thermal stability were decreased. When the amount of PTOT increased from 0 to 100%, the LOI increased from 19.7% to 23.0%, the compression strength decreased from 0.85 MPa to 0.59 MPa and the initial degradation temperature decreased from 276.0 ℃ to 273.5 ℃, respectively. The introduction of an appropriate amount of cellulose into RPUF could enhance the mechanical strength and retain its flame retardancy and thermal stability without lowering.