高温压力容器设计注意事项

Design Considerations for High Temperature Pressure Vessels

石化行业中长期服役于高温环境的承压设备通常会产生蠕变损伤,尤其是在交变载荷下,蠕变损伤还会加剧疲劳失效,严重影响承压设备的运行安全。蠕变疲劳失效是一种牵涉到多因素的复杂失效模式,ASME Ⅷ-1或ASME Ⅷ-2的设计规则并未对此给出处理的指导原则和方向。ASME Code Case 2605和ASME Code Case 2843中的高温设计规则可以作为高温蠕变疲劳失效模式的补充设计规定,但是,在承压设备的蠕变疲劳设计中,除了设计方法和评定准则外,设备的结构、选材、制造、检验检测等方面的注意事项也需要慎重考虑。对高温设备设计的注意事项和细节进行了归纳总结,为工程设计人员在高温设计时提供参考。

While being used in high temperature environment for a long time, creep damage usually occurs to the pressure equipment in petrochemical industry. Especially under alternating loads, creep damage will aggravate fatigue failure, which can seriously affect the operation safety of pressure equipment. Creep fatigue failure is a complex failure mode involving a lot of factors, the guide principles and directions for how to deal with it are not indicated in the design rules of ASME Ⅷ-1 or ASME Ⅷ-2. The elevated temperature design rules in ASME Code Case 2605 and ASME Code Case 2843 can be used as supplementary design rules for high temperature creep fatigue failure. However, in the creep fatigue design of pressure equipment, besides design methods and evaluation criteria, the structure design, material selection, manufacture process, inspection and testing should also be carefully considered. In this paper, the precautions and appropriate details for design of high temperature equipment are summarized, which can provide reference for engineers in high temperature design.