汶川地震后广元地区创伤后应激障碍调查

Investigation of post-traumatic stress disorder in Guangyuan area after Wenchuan earthquake

目的了解汶川地震9年后广元地区高二学生创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)阳性检出情况,为进一步分析震后PTSD持续存在的影响因素、对存在PTSD的学生进行心理干预提供参考。方法采用整群抽样方法,选取广元地区地震重灾区和一般灾区的1 492名高二学生为研究对象。采用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)和社会支持量表(PSSS)调查PTSD发生率和社会支持情况。结果广元地区高二学生PTSD阳性检出率为3.69%,男生和女生PTSD阳性检出率比较差异有统计学意义(2.24%vs. 5.82%,χ~2=12.47,P<0.01),重灾区和一般灾区PTSD阳性检出率比较差异有统计学意义(4.89%vs. 2.84%,χ~2=4.27,P<0.05);男生和女生PTSD-SS评分比较差异有统计学意义[(12.71±9.01)分vs.(14.02±8.52)分,t=-6.43,P<0.01];PTSD阳性者和非阳性者PSSS评分比较差异有统计学意义[(57.52±7.53)分vs.(61.11±8.19)分,t=-5.36,P<0.01]。结论汶川地震后9年,广元地区部分高二学生仍存在PTSD症状,创伤暴露程度、性别和社会支持可能与现患PTSD相关。

Objective To detect the positive detection rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among high school students in Guangyuan area after 9 years of Wenchuan earthquake, so as to further analysis of the influencing factor of the PTSD after earthquake and to provide references for psychological intervention for students with PTSD. Methods A total of 1492 senior high school students from severe disaster areas and general disaster areas in Guangyuan were selected as research group by cluster sampling method. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale (PTSD-SS) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were adopted to investigate the incidence of PTSD and social support. Results The positive detection rate of PTSD among the high school students in Guangyuan area was 3.69%, and the difference between male and female students was statistically significant (2.24% vs. 5.82%,χ^2=12.47 , P <0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the positive detection rates of PTSD between the severe disaster areas and the general disaster areas (4.89% vs. 2.84%,χ^2=4.27, P <0.05). The PTSD-SS scores between male and female students were statistically significant [(12.71±9.01) vs.(14.02±8.52), t=-6.43, P <0.01]. The difference in PSSS scores between students with positive and negative PTSD was statistically significant [(57.52±7.53) vs.(61.11±8.19), t=-5.36, P <0.01 ]. Conclusion After 9 years of Wenchuan earthquake,there is still PTSD incidence in senior high school students of Guangyuan area,and it is relate to traumatic exposure,gender and social support.