不同植物生长调节剂浸种对甘蔗分蘖及产量性状的影响

Effects of Seed-cane Soaking by Various Plant Growth Regulators on Tillering and Yield Traits of Sugarcane

通过不同植物生长调节剂浸种试验,探讨其对甘蔗萌芽、整齐度、苗期生长、甘蔗分蘖、产量性状及宿根性的影响,为筛选不同化学药剂对延长甘蔗宿根年限的应用提供技术支撑。以桂选B9为材料,设5个药剂处理,分别为200 mg/L浓度的赤霉素(GA)、细胞分裂素(6-BA)、脱落酸(ABA)、多效唑(PP333)、萘乙酸(NAA)溶液和1个对照CK (清水),浸种24 h后种植;调查新植和第一年宿根农艺性状和经济产量等指标。试验结果表明,在5个药剂处理中,新植蔗ABA和NAA处理的甘蔗出苗受到严重抑制,分蘖率则分别为115.6%和98.0%,明显高于CK的97.5%,而有效茎不足(分别为67 260条/hm^2和70 515条/hm^2),低于CK的73 050条/hm^2,因此产量也比对照略低。而GA和6-BA处理发现出苗率分别为41.2%和19.1%,远低于对照82.6%;分蘖率分别为28.9%和43.1%,同样低于对照的97.5%;说明GA和6-BA抑制了甘蔗的出苗和分蘖,导致甘蔗产量显著低于对照。PP333处理后甘蔗出苗率为90.8%,高于对照的82.6%,而分蘖率92.3%低于对照97.5%,产量上差异也不明显,在新植蔗中各种性状的表现与对照差异不明显;新植甘蔗品质分析发现PP333处理甘蔗糖分最高,但不同激素对甘蔗品质影响不大。在宿根蔗中的发株率、有效茎和茎径均高于对照,产量为111 841.65 kg/hm^2,高于对照的105 435.75 kg/hm^2,说明PP333浸种有利于宿根蔗高产。各处理对甘蔗品质影响不大。PP333浸种处理在新植蔗中能促进甘蔗出苗,在宿根蔗中表现能促进产量增加;PP333浸种处理要优于其他处理,可作为甘蔗浸种剂进一步筛选出最佳使用浓度和使用方法。

The effects of soaking cane setts in various plant growth regulators on germination rate, uniformity, seedling growth, tillering rate, yield and ratooning ability of sugarcane were explored, it is expected to provide technical supports for extending ratoon years by using suitable chemical agent. The cane setts of sugarcane cultivar Guixuan B9 was used as experimental material, which was soaked in 200 mg/L GA, 6 -BA, ABA, paclobutrazol (PP333), NAA and clean water (control) for 24 h, and then planted in the experimental field. The results showed that the germination of cane setts treated by ABA and NAA was severely inhibited among the five treatments, the tillering rates were 115.6% and 98.0%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the control (97.5%), while the millable stalks of ABA and NAA were insufficient (67 260 stalks/ha and 70 515 stalks/ ha respectively), which is lower than of the control (73 050 stalks/ha), consequently, the yield performed slightly lower than the control. The GA and 6-BA treatments performed much lower emergence rate of 41.2% and 19.1%, respectively, which was much lower the control (82.6%);and performed lower tillering rate of 28.9% and 43.1%, respectively, which was also lower than the control;the inhibition by GA and 6 -BA on emergence and tillering were leads to significantly lower cane yield than the control. For the PP333 treatment, the emergence rate was 90.8%, performed higher than the control, but the tillering rate was 92.3% and lower than control. As compared with the control, there was no significant difference in cane yield. The sugar content of plant crop was the highest in PP333 treatment, however, there was slightly difference among the treatments by various plant growth regulators for juice quality. However, the germination rate, millable stalks and stem diameter were higher than the control in ratoon crop. The cane yield was 111 841.65 kg/ha for PP333 treatment, which was significantly higher than the control (105 435.75 kg/ha), which indicated the advantage of PP333 treatment on ratoon crops. PP333 soaking treatment promoted emergence rate in plant crop, and cane yield in ratoon crop;it was the best among all the tested cane setts soaking agencies, further test for screening its suitable application rates is needed.