茶树新品种丹桂和瑞香在陕西汉中地区的适应性研究

Study on Adaptability of New Tea Varieties Dangui and Ruixiang in Hanzhong Area of Shaanxi Province

以福鼎大白茶为对照,对茶树品种丹桂和瑞香引种汉中后的成活率、生长势、抗性、品质等进行了研究。结果表明:茶树品种丹桂和瑞香移栽成活率低于福鼎大白茶;分枝数、树高、树幅、茎粗、定型修剪枝叶重均不及福鼎大白茶;春茶新梢生育期:丹桂与福鼎大白茶相当,瑞香比福鼎大白茶晚3.3～4.7 d;芽重:丹桂>福鼎大白茶>瑞香;发芽密度均高于福鼎大白茶;制绿茶和红茶品质均较佳,与福鼎大白茶相当;抗寒性强,抗旱性强。丹桂和瑞香两个茶树品种在陕西汉中表现中等,可作为高香型红绿茶兼制品种引进,在汉中及相似气候区引种要对茶苗的质量严格把关,应选择一级茶苗,才能保证较高的栽植成活率。

The survival rate, growth potential, resistance and quality of tea varieties Dangui and Ruixiang introduced into Hanzhong were studied with Fuding Dabai Tea as control. The results showed that the survival rates of tea cultivars Dangui and Ruixiang were lower than that of Fuding Dabai Tea. Their branch number, tree height, tree width, stem diameter and leaf weight of fixed pruning were smaller than those of Fuding Dabai Tea. As for spring tea shoot growth period, Dangui and Fuding Dabai tea were similar, Ruixiang was 3.3-4.7 days later than Fuding Dabai tea. The bud weight was Dangui > Fuding Dabai Tea > Ruixiang. The germination density of Dangui and Ruixiang was higher than that of Fuding Dabai tea, and the quality of making green tea and black tea could match with that of Fuding Dabai tea. In addtion, these two varieties had strong cold and drought resistance. In view of their moderate performance in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, Dangui and Ruixiang can be introduced as both high-aroma black and green tea products. In Hanzhong and similar climate areas, the quality of tea seedlings should be strictly controlled. First-class tea seedlings should be selected to ensure a higher survival rate.