南方流域农业面源污染现状及治理对策

Current Situation of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Typical Watershed of South China and Its Control Measures

针对中国南方农作物生产集中区域农业面源污染严重等问题,从种植业、畜禽养殖业、水产养殖业以及村域径流等不同污染源角度出发,分析了南方流域农业面源污染的现状和近年来综合防控实践中所采用的主要技术措施。提出要从农田生态系统功能恢复和优化的角度出发,加强优产减污控制、布局配置优化、循环体系构建、管理制度完善,构建生态系统要素与物质交换、能流与物流联动及信息流互换的综合防控策略,维持和提高农业生态系统自身消纳农业面源污染的能力等治理对策。

In view of the serious non-point source pollution of agriculture in the areas where crop production is concentrated in southern China, the present situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in southern watershed and the main technical measures adopted in the practice of comprehensive prevention and control in recent years are analyzed from the perspectives of different pollution sources such as planting, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture and village area runoff. From the perspective of functional restoration and optimization of farmland ecosystem, the countermeasures are put forward, such as strengthening the control of high quality-oriented pollution reduction, layout optimization, construction of circulation system and improvement of management system, constructing comprehensive prevention and control strategies of ecosystem elements and material exchange, energy flow and logistics linkage, and information flow exchange, and maintaining and improving the ability of agricultural ecosystem itself to absorb non-point source pollution.