农村老年女性多维贫困:现实与因应

Multidimensional Poverty of Rural Elderly Female:Situation, Cause and Reply

选取2014年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据,利用多维贫困度量法,从物质、健康、权利三个维度分析农村老年女性陷入轻中深度贫困时整体状况、各维度指标指数及致贫机制。研究表明,从整体而言,物质生活维度在农村老年女性多维贫困中指数最高;从分解指标指数而言,家庭赋权显著利于摆脱多维贫困。随着贫困程度递增,家庭、社会保障等因素显著影响农村老年女性摆脱多维贫困。因此,提出提高农村老年女性社会养老保险待遇水平、完善高龄津贴制度,增加赡养者生活补贴、增强基本医疗服务可及性以及建构其家庭话语权的政策建议,以期精准治理农村老年女性贫困。

Based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)data in 2014,the overall situation of rural elderly female in mild,moderate and deep poverty was analyzed with the multidimensional poverty measurement method from three dimensions of material,health and rights.Besides,the index of each dimension,indicator and its causal mechanism were also elaborated.Overall,the material life dimension was the highest index among rural elderly female in multidimensional poverty.In terms of the index of decomposition indicators,family-level empowerment contributed the most to the multidimensional poverty of the group.As the level of poverty increased,family and social security had significant impacts on rural elderly female to get rid of multidimensional poverty.To achieve precise control of rural poverty in elderly female,it is necessary to enhance the level of social pension insurance on rural elderly female and the old age allowance system;appropriately improve the subsidies for home caregiver to take care of the elderly female and the availability of medical services;promote the construction of personal rights in the family.