美国文学批评与经典形构——以《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的文学接受为例

American Literary Criticism and Canon Formation A Case Study of the Literary Reception of Huckleberry Finn

从布鲁姆在《西方正典》中提出的经典判定标准出发,指出美国文学批评始终将构建美国独特性和民族精神作为自己的主要任务和目标,并将文本的"美国性"作为遴选、阐释经典作品的重要标准。具有民族主义传统的美国文学批评不仅确立了美国经典,而且在建构美国民族特性和国家想象中发挥了重要作用。美国文学批评的思路和特性都反映在《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》自出版以来在学界的接受中。

Starting from the canon evaluation criteria posed by Harold Bloom in the Western Canon ,this essay argues that American literary criticism has taken as its mission the construction of American distinctiveness and national spirits,and thus established “Americanness” as an important criterion to select and interpret canonical texts.American literary criticism with its nationalist tradition has not only formed the American canon,but also played an essential role in constructing Americanness and national imagination.The literary reception of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn serves as a mirror through which the thoughts and features of American literary criticism are properly reflected.