奥古斯丁与西方文论转向规律探

Augustine and Exploration of The Turning Law of The Western Literary Theory

西方文论从古希腊到中世纪,经历了自人性到神性的转向。神性文论或文艺神性论是西方文论的独特之处,指西方学界神性视野下关于文学艺术的探讨和阐述,其殊异之处是推崇上帝或神的艺术才能、文艺特性,全部文学艺术必须把上帝或神作为指归。文艺神性论肇源于古希腊,代表人物是柏拉图;发展于古罗马,代表人物是斐洛和普罗提诺;繁荣于中世纪,以奥古斯丁、阿奎那为代表;衰落于文艺复兴。斐洛、普罗提诺在西方文论转向途中,扮演了非常关键而重要的角色,他们层层推进,步步进逼,先后将西方文论逐渐推向神性。最终将西方文论推至神性巅峰者,乃奥古斯丁。奥古斯丁在借鉴先人,尤其是普罗提诺文艺神性论的前提下,在文艺本质、文艺创作、文艺鉴赏、文艺功用、美的看法等层面,彻底将西方古代文论推向神性巅峰。

From ancient Greece to the middle ages, the Western literary theory experienced a transformation from human nature to the divinity. The divine theory of literature and art is the unique of the Western literary and artistic theory , which refers to the exploration and exposition about of literature and art under the perspective of divinity in the Western academic world. Its different place is to praise highly the God's or the gods’ artistic talent as well as literary and artistic characteristic so that all literature and art is the God for the end. It originated in ancient Greece, represented by Plato;grew up in ancient Rome, represented by Philo and Plotinus;flourished in the middle ages, represented by Augustine and Aquinas;declined in the Renaissance. Philo and Plotinus played a very critical and important role in the turning of the Western literary theory. They pushed forward and advanced step by step and gradually pushed it towards divinity. It was Augustine who finally pushed it the pinnacle of divinity. In the premise of using the predecessors’, especially Plotinus’ theosophy of literary and artistic theory for reference, Augustine pushed the Western literary theory to the divine top in such aspects as the view of literary and artistic nature, creation,appreciation, function and beauty.