“儒学日本化”与“日本儒教”之间——与吴震教授商榷

Between the“Nipponization of Confucianism”and“Japanese Confucianism”——My Questions for Professor Wu Zhen

吴震教授于2015年出版了《当中国儒学遭遇日本:19世纪末以来"儒学日本化"的问题史考察》一书,本文系特别对于其书中涉及"儒学日本化"与"日本儒教"关键观念的相关课题,提出一些商榷的观点。首先在对华人学者有关"儒学日本化"研究进行重点回顾时,发现之前学者们的研究多集中在近代以前的江户儒学,而吴震此书则聚焦于19世纪的"儒学日本化",正可前后辉映。吴书刻意切割"儒教日本化"与"日本儒教"的差别问题,本文认为二者有绵密的关系,且不应在处理"日本儒教"时,切断其与前近代的关连。其次吴书在讨论近代日本学者在强调"国民道德论者"时,颇有睿见地看到"普遍道德"与"特殊道德"常被翻转的关系。

In 2015, Professor Wu Zhen published a work entitled as When Chinese Confucianism Encountered Japan : An Insight into the Problems of the Nipponization of Confucianism since the Latter Half of the 19A Century. This article deals in particular with the related topics touching the key concepts of the “Nipponization of Confucianism” and “Japanese Confucianism” in the book, listing some points worthy of further consideration. Firstly, in the second section, the article reviews Chinese scholars' studies on the “Nipponization of Confucianism,” most of which treat Edo Confucianism, while Wu's work is focused on the “Nipponized Confucianism” during the 19'1' Century. This makes both shed light on each other. The third section points out that Wu's work intentionally severs the differential problem between the “Confucianism Nipponized” and “Japanese Confucianism”, whereas the article holds that both have inseparable connections. Therefore, their ties with the early modern period should not have been segregated as Wu does Japanese Confucianism. The fourth section analyzes that Wu's work, in exploring the emphasis early modern Japanese scholars placed on the “proponents of national morality,” has a profound insight into the frequently reversed relationship between “universal morality” and “particular morality.” Nevertheless, the articles holds that Wu has neglected pre-war phenomena, that is, Japanese scholars habitually infiltrated evolutionism into the combining process of moral discourse and national spirit. The fifth section notes that Wu has also ignored the positive attitude Masao Maruyama held toward Confucianism in his late years. Finally, the concluding section illustrates that had Wu been more attentive to the development of popular Confucianism and the revival of Chinese national studies along with “Chineseness” affecting surrounding regions, he would not have concluded that the “Nipponization of Confucianism” has ceased.