AIDS与aids,患者主诉叙事与疾病见证叙事功用伦理的冲突——评桑塔格短篇小说《我们现在的生活方式》

AIDS and Aids, Conflict between Patient Complaint Narrative and Functional Ethics of Illness-witness Narratives: On Susan Sontag's The Way We Live Now

桑塔格短篇小说《我们现在的生活方式》是一部艾滋病患者声音被遮蔽、患者身边朋友多声部交互的疾病见证叙事作品。疾病见证叙事压制患者叙事使得"疾病事实"摇曳不定、缺乏"权威性"。叙事医学是聚焦意义和叙事符号实践的医学,更是以挖掘患者主诉故事为道德和伦理职责的医学,因此在解读该小说和叙事医学实践中,患者的疾病意义表征能力以及疾病体验叙事能力培育更应该是医护从业人员、审美批评和读者阐释的关注方向。

Sontag's short story The Way We Live Now is an illness-witness narrative in which the voice of the AIDS patient is obscured while the voices of his friends interact with each other throughout the text. Various illness-witness narratives suppress the patient's own narrative, which makes "disease fact" vacillate and being lack of "authority". Narrative medicine is a medicine focusing on meaning and the semiotic practice of narrative, seeing excavating the patient's complaint story as its moral and ethical duty. Therefore, in the interpretation of the novel and narrative medicine practice, how to help patients to understand their disease implications and to improve their abilities of disease experience narratives should be the focus of medical practitioners, aesthetic criticism and readers' interpretation.