英国国家公园合作伙伴管理模式研究——以苏格兰凯恩戈姆斯国家公园为例

Research on Partnership Management Model of UK National Parks——A Case Study of Cairngorms National Park in Scotland

以凯恩戈姆斯国家公园为例,对英国国家公园"合作伙伴"(Partnership)管理模式进行深入研究。首先对其合作伙伴管理模式进行总体介绍;然后对土地管理、社区发展、自然保护、商业发展等4种合作伙伴管理模式进行分析,包括制度背景、公园管理局及主题合作伙伴组织的责权利等;最后总结为3方面特点,合作伙伴责权利的法律制度保障、合作伙伴对象和内容的多元化、国家公园管理机构在核心责权利中的主导性;并提出中国国家公园建立"国家主导、共同参与"的管理体制可借鉴之处。

This paper takes Cairngorms National Park as an example to conduct an in-depth study on the Partnership management model of UK national parks. Firstly, it introduces the partnership management in general. Then, four partnership management modes are analyzed including land management, community development, nature conservation and business development. Finally, three characters are summarized: the legal system guarantee of partners' responsibilities and rights, the diversification of partners’ objects and contents, and the leading role of national park management authority in core responsibilities and rights. The reference points for establishing the management system of “state leading and joint participation” in China’s national parks are discussed.