明清时期江南私家园林景点题名中的竹文化研究

A Study of Bamboo Culture in Naming of Private Garden Attractions of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Regions South of the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

中国古典园林中竹文化的研究对于弘扬我国优秀传统文化和提升现代园林中竹景观的文化内涵都具有重要意义,现有研究主要集中在竹的空间营造、种植形式等方面,而从品题学角度对传统私家园林中的竹文化系统研究得还比较薄弱。以明清时期江南私家园林的景点题名为研究对象,采用文献查询和实地调研相结合的方法,对江南园林中的竹景点、常见题名意象及其所表达的精神内涵进行研究。结果表明明清时期竹在江南私家园林景点题名中应用非常普遍,常见的题名意象主要表达了道家的隐逸思想、儒家的比德思想、佛教的心无思想和民俗吉祥思想。从中可以看出,明清时期文人阶层天人合一的哲学观、三教并存的宗教观和雅俗共赏的审美观。

The study of bamboo culture in Chinese classical gardens is of great significance for carrying forward the excellent Chinese traditional culture and enhancing the cultural connotation of bamboo landscape in modern parks. While existing researches mainly focus on bamboo space construction and planting forms, there is few systematic study on bamboo culture in traditional private gardens from the evaluation perspective. This paper examines the naming of scenic spots of private gardens in the Ming and Qing dynasties in regions south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Based on literature review and field investigation, it probes into the bamboo landscapes, common title images, and the expressed spiritual connotations in these gardens. The result shows that bamboo was widely used in the naming of scenic spots of private gardens under review. The common images of the titles mainly expressed the recluse thought of Taoism, the moral comparison of Confucianism, the meditation of emptiness of Buddhism, and the folk auspicious thought. It reveals the philosophical view of the unity of nature and man among the literati, the religious view of the coexistence of the three religions, and the aesthetics suiting both refined and popular tastes in the Ming and Qing dynasties.