湖泊底泥黑臭因子分析及其消除的关键因子调控策略

Analysis of Black-odor Factors of Lake Sediment and Elimination Strategies of Key Factor

对安徽省安庆市东大湖和西小湖黑臭底泥进行了特征因子分析,发现酸性缺氧环境下,底泥中致黑臭因子的特征是:从排污口往下游,COD浓度总体下降,ORP值总体上升,TN和TP浓度下降趋势较平缓,对ORP值影响较小;COD一方面通过厌氧代谢直接影响氨氮、硫化物、Fe^2+和Mn^2+等黑臭生成物的形成,另一方面通过改变ORP值影响这些物质的生成;TN和TP不是引起底泥黑臭的主要原因;距离污染源较远的湖体中,气象、水文、地形等自然因素对ORP值的影响变得明显;严重黑臭的水体中底泥厌氧菌的数量及其分泌的有关酶类活性是底泥黑臭的关键因子。研究表明治理底泥黑臭污染应抑制底泥厌氧菌活动及其相关酶活性,改变沉积物在底泥中的代谢方向。

The study analyzed characteristic factors of the black-odor sediment in Eastern Great Lake and Western Little Lake in Anqing City of Anhui.It was found that under the acid and hypoxia environment,the concentration of COD from the outfall to the downstream decreased on the whole and the ORP value increased overall,the TN and TP concentration decreased slowly,which had a tiny effect on the ORP value.COD affected the formation of Fe^2+,Mn^2+,sulfide and ammonia nitrogen on the one hand by anaerobic metabolism,on the other hand,COD changed the ORP value to influence the formation of black-odor matter.TN and TP were not the main causes of black-odor sediment pollution.The quantity of anaerobic bacteria and the activity of enzymes produced by the bacteria in the sediment were the key factors.This study proposed that the black-odor sediment pollution should focus on the inhibitory actions of anaerobic bacteria and their related enzyme activities,and the change of the metabolism direction of the sediment.