机会均等:课堂教学过程的审视与反思

Equalization of Opportunities: Scrutiny and Reflection on Classroom Teaching Process

以教育机会均等为视角,对课堂教学过程机会均等进行审视与反思。在导、学、思、练四个环节的教学过程中,教师应充分考虑到学生的整体状况和个体差异,通过语言、文字、手势等方式的交流互动,使每个学生拥有同样的机会获得适合自身条件的不同方式的对待,实现教学相长。在课堂教学过程中,座位排列与问题难易、性别差异与能力强弱、思维训练与参与意识、反馈程度与归因偏差等因素导致师生互动存在差异,从而造成教育机会不均等。促进课堂教学过程机会均等的有效策略是:奉行"教育平等",消除认知偏见;领会"课改精神",关注个体差异;科学设计教学,激发参与热情;适当控制规模,创新互动空间。

The equalization of opportunities in the classroom teaching process was examined and reflected from the perspective of equal educational opportunities.During the teaching process of four links about guiding,learning,thinking,practicing,teachers should fully take into account the overall situation and individual differences of students,through interaction of language,words,gestures and other special symbols,in order that each student has the same chance of getting treated in different ways for suiting to their own conditions,to achieve the development of teaching and learning.In the classroom teaching process,teacher-student interaction differences were caused by several factors,such as in seating arrangement,difficult or easy questions,gender difference,strong or weak ability,thinking training,awareness of participation,degree of feedback,attribution bias,etc,which resulting in unequal educational opportunities.The effective strategies to promote equal opportunities in the classroom teaching process were advocated:adherencing to"educational equality",eliminating cognitive biases;understanding"the spirit of curriculum reform",concerning individual differences;designing teaching scientifically,inspiring students′enthusiasm;controling the scale appropriately,innovativing interactive space.