湖南省长沙市18岁以上居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病流行现状及其影响因素

Prevalence and influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents over 18 years old in Changsha City of Hunan Province

目的了解湖南省长沙市居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病流行现状及其影响因素。方法 2017年5—7月,采用横断面研究方法,通过多阶段整群随机抽样,对长沙市>18岁常住居民进行入户问卷调查、体格检查和肺功能检测。结果共获得5 800例调查对象的有效数据,其中慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者225例,长沙市慢性阻塞性肺疾病总体患病率为3.88%(95%CI:3.38%～4.38%),其中男患病率为4.28%(95%CI:3.52%～5.05%),女性患病率为3.53%(95%CI:2.88%～4.18%)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄(OR=2.27,95%CI:1.72～2.99)、居住在农村(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.05～1.88)、吸烟(OR=3.66,95%CI:2.67～5.03)、使用生物燃料(OR=2.63,95%CI:2.00～3.46)会增加慢性阻塞性肺疾病的患病风险。结论年龄、农村、吸烟、使用生物燃料与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病有关,应加强对老年人群、吸烟人群的健康教育和早期检查,戒烟控烟和减少生物燃料使用是降低慢性阻塞性肺疾病的有效措施。

[Objective]To investigate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) among residents in Changsha City of Hunan Province, analyze its influencing factors.[Methods] A cross-sectional survey was carried out from May to July in2017. The residents over 18 years old in Changsha City were collected by a multistage cluster random sampling, to perform the household questionnaire, physical examination and pulmonary function test.[Results] A total of 5 800 residents were enrolled in the study, 225 of these residents were COPD patients. The total prevalence of COPD in Changsha City was 3.88%(95%CI: 3.38%-4.38%), while the total prevalence in males and females was 4.28%(95%CI:3.52%-5.05%), and 3.53%(95%CI: 2.88%-4.18%),respectively. Multivariate analysis results revealed that the age,(OR=2.27, 95%CI: 1.72-2.99), living in the countryside(OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.05-1.88), smoking(OR=3.66, 95%CI: 2.67-5.03) and using biofuels(OR=2.63, 95%CI: 2.00-3.46) were the risk factors of COPD.[Conclusion] Age, countryside, smoking and biofuels are factors associated to COPD. So health education and early examination should be strengthened for the elderly and smokers. Quitting smoking, controlling smoking and reducing the use of biofuels are effective measures to reduce COPD.