新疆某医学院校大学生父母教养方式与人格特点的关系

Relationship between parenting style and personality characteristics of students in a medical university in Xinjiang

目的了解新疆某医学院校大学生父母教养方式与人格的特点及其之间的关系。方法使用卡特尔16人格问卷(16PF)和简式父母教养方式问卷(EMBU-C)对新疆某医学院校大学生进行调查,分析父母教养方式与人格特点及其关系。结果本次调查240人,男性占30.4%,独生子女占32.9%。男性与女性在活泼性(13.26±3.16,13.53±3.46)、敢为性(11.68±3.24,10.23±3.67)和紧张性(12.25±4.68,14.35±3.69)均高于全国常模(均P<0.05);对教养方式4个方面进行分析母亲的分值均高于父亲(均P<0.01)。相关分析表明:父亲情感温暖与敢为性呈正相关(r=0.136,P<0.05);父亲冷漠拒绝与稳定性、有恒性呈负相关(r=-0.151、-0.16,均P<0.05),与忧虑性呈正相关(r=0.196,P<0.05);父亲过度保护与活泼性、有恒性和幻想性呈正相关(r=0.140、0.127、0.143,均P<0.05);父亲抚养焦虑与幻想性、变革性和紧张性呈正相关(r=0.150、0.131、0.200,均P<0.05);母亲情感温暖与乐群性、稳定性、活泼性和有恒性呈正相关(r=0.234、0.203、0.256、0.205,均P<0.05),与独立性呈负相关(r=-0.170);母亲冷漠拒绝与活泼性和幻想性呈正相关(r=0.200、0.301,均P<0.05),与敏感性呈负相关(r=-0.202,均P<0.05);母亲过度保护与乐群性和活泼性、幻想性呈正相关(r=0.127、0.139、0.231,均P<0.05);母亲抚养焦虑与幻想性、忧虑性和紧张性呈正相关(r=0.195、0.159、0.162,均P<0.05)。结论积极的教养方式有利于形成健康的人格,消极的教养方式易产生人格障碍,因此在医学院校心理健康教育中应该联合家庭共同培养其健全人格。

[Objective] To explore the parenting style and personality characteristics of students in a medical university in Xinjiang,explore their relationship.[Methods]Cattell 16 personality factor(16 PF) and simple parenting style questionnaire(EMBU-C)were used to investigate students in a medical university in Xinjiang,and to analyze the parenting style and personality characteristics,as well as the relationship between them.[Results]Among the 240 participants,30.4% were males and 32.9% were only child. It was found that both men and women had the higher score of activity(13.26 ±3.16,13.53 ±3.46),daring(11.68 ±3.24,10.23 ±3.67) and tension(12.25 ±4.68,14.35 ±3.69) than the national norm(all P<0.05). The mean values of parenting style in four aspects of mothers were higher than those of fathers(all P<0.01). The correlation analysis showed that the emotional warmth of father was positively correlated with the daring(r=0.136,P<0.05),the cold refusal of father was negatively correlated with stability and persistence(r=-0.151,-0.16,both P<0.05) and positively correlated with anxiety(r=0.196,P<0.05). The excessive protection of father was positively correlated with activity,persistence and skepticism(r=0.140,0.127,0.143,all P<0.05). The raising anxiety of father was positively correlated with skepticism,change and tension(r=0.150,0.131,0.200,all P<0.05). The emotional warmth of mother was positively correlated with locality,stability,activity and persistence(r=0.234,0.203,0.256,0.205,all P<0.05),and negatively correlated with independence(r=-0.170). Mother’s cold refusal was positively correlated with activity and skepticism(r=0.200,0.301,both P<0.05),and negatively correlated with sensitivity(r=-0.202,P<0.05). Mother’s overprotection was positively correlated with leprosy,activity and skepticism(r =0.127,0.139,0.231,all P <0.05). Mother’s raising anxiety was positively correlated with skepticism,anxiety,and tension(r =0.195,0.159,0.162,all P <0.05).[Conclusion]The positive parenting style is conducive to the formation of healthy personality,while negative parenting style is likely to cause personality disorder. Therefore,the mental health education in medical colleges should focus on the psychological problems of medical students to cultivate their healthy personality together with families.