我国13～18岁青少年高血压患病率的meta分析

Prevalence of hypertension among children aged 13-18 years old in China:a meta-analysis

目的探索国内青少年高血压患病情况以及变化趋势。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed关于我国未成年人高血压患病率的横断面研究,检索时间为数据库建库至2018年2月11日。通过随机效应模型meta分析的方法,对纳入研究青少年高血压患病率及置信区间进行定量合并。根据调查所在地区(北方、中部、南方),性别(男、女)等变量进行亚组分析。按照调查年份进行meta回归分析,以探讨近30年国内青少年高血压变化趋势。结果共纳入34篇研究,包括726 449例调查对象,45 505例诊断为高血压。Meta分析结果显示,青少年高血压整体患病率为9%(95%CI:8%～10%,I2=99.8%),男性为8%(95%CI:7%～10%,I2=99.6%),女性为7%(95%CI:6%～8%,I2=99.8%);南方青少年高血压患病率为6%(95%CI:4%～9%,I2=99.69%),中部地区为9%(95%CI:7%～11%,I2=99.70%),北方地区为11%(95%CI:8%～14%,I2=99.70%)。Meta回归分析结果提示,随着年份增加,青少年高血压患病率有逐年增加的趋势(β=0.024),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论我国青少年高血压患病率约为9%,男性高于女性,北方高于南方,近30年来患病率可能呈增加趋势。

[Objective] To explore the prevalence and the trend of hypertension of Chinese children aged 13-18 years old.[Methods]CNKI,WangFang database,CBM database and PubMed database were searched up to February 11,2018 for crosssectional studies about the prevalence of hypertension of preschool children in China. Random-effect model was used in the metaanalysis to combine the prevalence and confidence interval of hypertension across studies. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the survey area(north,central,south) and gender(male and female). Meta-regression analysis was conducted according to the survey year to explore the trend of hypertension in domestic adolescents in the last 30 years.[Results]A total of34 studies were included,with 726 449 subjects and 45 505 cases of hypertension. Meta analysis showed that the overall prevalence of hypertension among adolescents was 9%(95% CI:8%-10%,I2=99.8%),and that was 8%(95% CI:7%-10%,I2=99.6%) in boys and 7%(95%CI:6%-8%,I2=99.8%) in girls. Prevalence of hypertension in adolescents in southern region was 6%(95%CI:4%-9%,I2=99.69%),while that was 9%(95%CI:7%-11%,I2=99.70%) in the central region and 11%(95%CI:8%-14%,I2=99.70%) in the northern region. Meta-regression analysis showed that the prevalence of hypertension among adolescents increased year by year(β=0.024),but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).[Conclusion]The prevalence of hypertension among adolescents in China is about 9%. The prevalence in males is higher than that in females,and the prevalence in northern region is higher than that in southern region. The prevalence has increased in recent 30 years.