2005-2016年甘肃省急性乙型肝炎流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of acute hepatitis B in Gansu,2005–2016

目的了解2005—2016年甘肃省急性乙型肝炎(乙肝)发病趋势和分布特征,为评价乙肝免疫策略效果和制订防控措施提供建议。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中获取甘肃省2005—2016年急性乙肝病例疫情资料,运用描述流行病学方法对其流行特征和发病趋势进行分析。结果急性乙肝报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,从2005年的17.7/10万下降到了2016年的5.2/10万。历年急性乙肝报告发病率男性均高于女性。2013—2016年临夏州和甘南州报告发病率较高,分别为15.0/10万、14.0/10万。2005年以来,各年龄组急性乙肝报告发病率均有所下降。其中,5～14岁年龄组下降了88.8%。报告发病率年龄高峰后移。累计报告急性乙肝病例29 709例, 21 825例为15～49岁年龄组,<15岁儿童病例仅占7.3%(2 156/29 709)。53.1%的报告病例职业为农民,其次为学生,占15.8%。农民病例构成比逐年增加,2016年达到76.8%。结论 2005—2016年甘肃省急性乙肝报告发病率已明显下降,5～29岁年龄组下降更为明显。农村地区成年人将是今后甘肃省乙肝免疫预防的重点人群。建议在甘南州、临夏州开展急性乙肝报告准确性评价。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and changing trend of acute hepatitis B in Gansu province from 2005 to 2016,and provide evidence for the development of prevention and control measures in the future.Methods The incidence data of acute hepatitis B cases from 2005 to 2016 in Gansu province were obtained from the national disease prevention and control information system of China.Results From 2005 to 2016,the reported incidence rate of acute hepatitis B in Gansu Province showed a downward trend,which dropped from 17.7/100 000 in 2005 to 5.2/100 000 in 2016,a decline of 70.6%.In recent years,the reported incidence rates of acute hepatitis B in Gannan and Linxia prefectures(15.0/100 000 and 14.0/100 000 respectively) were significantly higher than those in other areas.Since 2005,the reported incidence rates of acute hepatitis B in all age groups had decreased.The incidence rate decreased by 88.8% in age group 5–14 years,by80.4% in age group 15–29 years and by 66.0% in age group 30–59 years.The incidence peak occurred in older age groups.A total of 29 709 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported in Gansu from 2005 to 2016,in which 73.4%(21 825) were adults aged15–49 years,only 7.3%(2 156) were children under 15 years old.The cases in farmers and students accounted for 53.1% and15.8% respectively.The proportion of the cases in farmer increased year by year,reaching 76.8% in 2016.The reported incidence rate of acute hepatitis B in men was higher than that in women during this period.Conclusion The reported incidence rate of acute hepatitis B in Gansu has decreased significantly,and the decline was more obvious in age group 5–29 years.Adults in rural areas are the key population in immunization program.It is suggested to conduct the evaluation of acute hepatitis B reporting accuracy in Gannan and Linxia prefectures.