经阴分娩产妇正性分娩体验相关因素分析

Influencing factors of positive vaginal birth experiences

目的调查经阴分娩产妇的分娩体验,为提高助产服务质量提供理论依据。方法 2017年 8—12 月采用便利抽样的方法,选取在北京某三甲妇产专科医院和某三甲综合医院经阴分娩的产妇为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、产妇分娩体验问卷(CEQ 2.0)于产妇分娩后72 h 内进行调查,使用 SPSS 23.0 进行分析。共发放问卷250 份,回收有效问卷为240 份,有效回收率为96.0%。结果 240 名产妇的分娩体验总分(78.30±9.21)分,其中安全感知维度(17.52±3.21)分,参与性维度(12.06±2.24)分,专业支持维度(16.21±2.08)分,自身能力维度(20.44±3.47)分。产妇期望分娩的方式、是否为经产妇、是否接受过孕妇学校课程、对经阴分娩过程的了解、对分娩过程是否感到恐惧或焦虑产妇分娩体验总分差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论产妇分娩体验较好,管理人员应积极开展孕妇学校课程,为孕产妇提供分娩知识,增进其对分娩过程的了解,帮助孕妇建立恰当的分娩期望,减轻分娩的恐惧和焦虑情绪,进而改善其分娩体验。

Objective To investigate the childbirth experience of vaginal delivery and provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of midwifery services. Methods From August to December in 2017, puerpera were selected from a Class Ⅲ Grade A obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Beijing and a Class Ⅲ Grade A general hospital using the convenient sampling method. General information questionnaire and Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2.0( CEQ 2.0) were used to survey the participants within 72 hours after delivery. SPSS 23.0 was used for analysis. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed, and 240 valid questionnaires were returned. The response rate was 96.0%. Results The total score of childbirth experience was( 78.30±9.21), with perceived safety score of( 17.52±3.21), participation score of( 12.06±2.24), professional support score of( 16.21±2.0), own capability score o(f 20.44±3.47). There was a statistically significant impact of expectation of childbirth method, being multipara, taking prenatal course, understanding of vaginal birth, fear or anxiety during delivery on the total score of childbirth experiences( P < 0.05). Conclusions Overall, the childbirth experience is good. Hospital staff should promote prenatal courses, provide maternity knowledge for patients, foster better understanding of delivery process, help establish appropriate childbirth expectations, reduce fear and anxiety associated with childbirth, and improve the childbirth experience.