分阶段健康教育模式对老年支气管扩张患者院外自护行为与健康行为的影响

Effects of grading health education model on self-care behavior and health behavior among elderly bronchiectasis patients outside hospital

目的探讨分阶段健康教育对老年支气管扩张患者院外自护行为与健康行为的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2015 年3 月-2017 年3 月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的老年支气管扩张患者120 例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分成对照组、观察组,各60 例。对照组采用常规健康宣教,观察组采用分阶段健康教育模式,将健康宣教分3 个阶段进行干预,利用微信推送宣教内容,干预周期内共进行12次健康宣教。两组干预周期为3个月。在干预前后分别采用修正版自护能力量表(ASAS-R-C)、健康行为能力量表(SRAHP)对患者的院外自护行为与健康行为进行评估。结果两组干预前的ASAS-R-C 评分和SRAHP 评分比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),干预后ASAS-R-C 和SRAHP 各维度评分及总分均高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。干预后观察组自护目标、自护技能评分与ASAS-R-C 总分分别为(25.62±2.18)、(24.52±2.41)、(74.72±6.27)分,健康责任感、运动管理评分与SRAHP 总分分别为(24.78±2.75)、(25.21±2.16)、(98.35±8.16)分,均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论分阶段健康教育有利于老年支气管扩张患者明确护理目标,提高护理技能,增强健康责任感,并改善运动管理能力,值得推广应用。

Objective To explore the effects of grading health education model on self-care behavior and health behavior among elderly bronchiectasis patients outside hospital. Methods From March 2015 to March 2017, we selected 120 elderly bronchiectasis patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University by convenience sampling. All of the patients were divided into control group and observation group with the method of the random number table, 60 cases in each group. Control group carried out routine health education. Observation group received the grading health education model dividing health education into three stages and pushing education content by WeChat;a total of 12 times of health education were implemented. The interventional cycle was three months between two groups. The Appraisal Self-Care Agency Scale-Reviewed (ASAS-R-C) and the Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale( SRAHP) were used to assess the self-care behavior and health behavior of patients outside hospital. Results Before intervention, there were no statistical differences in the score of ASAS-R-C and SRAHP( P > 0.05). After intervention, the dimension scores of ASAS-R-C, SRAHP and the total score were higher than those before intervention with statistical differences (P< 0.05). After intervention, the scores of self-care goal, self-care skill, the total score of ASAS-R-C, health responsibility, sport management and the total score of SRAHP of intervention group were( 25.62±2.18),(24.52±2.41),( 74.72±6.27),( 24.78±2.75),( 25.21±2.16) and( 98.35±8.16) higher than those of control group with statistical differences( P < 0.05). Conclusions Grading health education model is propitious for elderly bronchiectasis patients to clear the nursing goal, improve nursing skills, enhance their health responsibility and improve their sport management abilities which is worthy of popularization and application.