煤气炮噪声暴露对家鸽粪便皮质酮变化的影响

Effects of Gas Cannon Noise Exposure on Corticosterone Stress in Feces of Domestic Pigeons

煤气炮驱鸟是目前机场驱鸟的主要手段之一,主要依靠煤气爆炸产生的高分贝噪声。但是,鸟类在长期暴露于噪声条件下或者驱鸟时机把握不佳,鸟类可能习惯噪声甚至产生耐受性,进而影响驱鸟效果,相关量化研究仍较为缺乏。本研究以家鸽(Columba livia domestica)为研究对象,随机选取健康成年个体作为对照组用于检验环境背景噪声的影响;设置7个实验组,分别布设于20 m间隔的噪声源距离梯度,采集煤气炮噪声处理前1 d和处理后2 d、5 d、8 d、11 d、14 d、17 d、20 d的粪便样品,噪声持续暴露(4次/h)。采用酶联免疫吸附方法测定粪便皮质酮浓度。以粪便皮质酮浓度为因变量,以煤气炮噪声持续时间和距噪声源距离为自变量,进行Pearson相关性分析。采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)进行差异分析。结果显示,家鸽粪便中皮质酮含量在距离煤气炮噪声源10 m处平均值达最大值,(174.67±5.09)ng/g(n=35),而最小值(139.42±0.92)ng/g(n=35)则出现在130 m。家鸽距噪声源距离与粪便皮质酮含量呈显著负相关关系,Pearson′s r=﹣0.954,P <0.01。噪声持续时间和距噪声源距离对粪便皮质酮均有显著影响,且二者存在交互作用,随着噪声源距离增大,皮质酮浓度回复到煤气炮噪声处理前水平所需时间越来越短。在噪声源距离大于90 m时,粪便皮质酮水平不随噪声持续时间变化而变化。粪便皮质酮水平可作为鸟类响应噪声刺激的生理反应指标,基于此评价了煤气炮噪声在机场驱鸟的有效性,为机场鸟击防治提供科学依据。

In China,gas cannons have been commonly applied in the airports to repel birds,by the high decibel noise generated by the gas explosion.However,the effectiveness of bird repelling varied due to long-term exposure to the noise,or unsuitable deployment time of the Gas cannon,making birds subjective to be habituated and even insensitive to noise.Quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of gas cannons to repel birds is still scarce.In this study,adult and healthy domestic pigeons(Columba livia domestica)were used as the research object.40 pigeons were randomly divided into eight groups,one non-treated control group,aiming to investigate the effects of background noise on corticosterone changes,and seven interference groups with a 20 m distance interval to the noise source.Fecal samples were collected the day before noise treatment,and then the pigeons were treated with gas cannon noise continuously with a frequency of 4 times/h for 20 days,during which samples were collected at day 2,5,8,11,14,17 and 20.Fecal corticosterone was measured using ELISA.The fecal corticosterone concentration was used as the dependent variable,and the noise duration and the distance to the noise source as independent variables.The correlation between the two variables was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Difference analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA).The maximum corticosterone content was174.67 ± 5.09 ng/g at 10 m,and a minimum of 139.42 ± 0.92 ng/g appeared at 130 m(Fig.2).There was a significant negative correlation between the distant to noise resources and the corticosterone content in the feces(Pearson′s r=﹣0.954,P<0.01)(Fig.1).The noise duration and the distance to the noise source have a significant interaction effect on the fecal corticosterone(F=15.008,P<0.01)(Table 1).As the distance increased,duration time for induced corticosterone back to the baseline showed a decreasing,and corticosterone did not change significantly with the time span beyond the noise distance of 90 m(Fig.2).Fecal corticosterone could be an effective indicator to reflect the stress of birds to noise,and the effectiveness of gas cannons was evaluated,providing a scientific basis for control and prevention of bird strikes at the airport.