腾冲拟髭蟾繁殖期鸣声特征

Acoustic Characteristics of Male Calls of Leptobrachium tengchongense in Breeding Season

为了研究腾冲拟髭蟾(Leptobrachium tengchongense)的繁殖期鸣声特征,2018年2月27日,利用TASCAM DR-40专业录音机,在野外录制了6只个体总共78个有效鸣声,随后利用Raven Pro?v.1.5声音分析软件对鸣声进行分析。结果表明,繁殖期的雄性腾冲拟髭蟾发出求偶鸣声及竞争鸣声两种不同类型鸣声,均为单音节鸣叫,且鸣声主频均为1.31～1.50 kHz。求偶鸣声的时长为(147±30.1)ms,所含脉冲数为(15±2.4)pulses/s;竞争鸣声为雄蟾听到附近其他个体鸣叫后所发出的较拖长的鸣声,其鸣声时长为(610±187.0)ms,所含脉冲数为(28±10.7)pulses/s。不同个体之间的鸣叫时长和鸣叫间隔存在差异,这可能与个体的体型大小有关,但需要更多的数据去证实。我们根据调查结果,分析讨论当前腾冲拟髭蟾所面临的主要威胁及其保育策略。

In order to understand the male calls characteristics of the poorly known Leptobrachium tengchongense,field survey was conducted on 27^th February 2018 in Dahetou Ranger Station of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve,Tengchong City of Yunnan,China,aiming to obtain the records of male calls during its breeding season.A total of 78 male calls,belonging to six adult male individuals,were recorded using a digital recorder(TASCAM DR-40);the calls were analyzed using the Raven Pro■ v.1.5 software.The results show that,adult males of Leptobrachium tengchongense could make two different types of calls during the breeding season,namely advertisement call and combat call(Fig.1).Both are single-note calls,and all have a dominant frequency of 1.31﹣1.50 kHz(Table 1).The combat calls are normally emitted when there are other males calling nearby,and its call duration is comparatively longer than those of advertisement calls(610 ± 187.0 ms vs.147 ± 30.1 ms),and contains more pulses(28 ± 10.7 pulses/s vs.15 ±2.4 pulses/s).There are variations on the call duration and intercall-interval among six individuals,and these variations may correlate with body size;however,due to the limited sample size,more records are needed in order to clarify the relationship between the body size and its call characteristics.Based on the survey result,we also discuss the current two major threats,habitat degradation and human consumption on tadpoles,to the species and propose relevant conservation actions.