重构道德:森有礼的“伦理”教育构想

Reconstructing Morality:An Investigation of Mori Arinori's Conception of Ethical Education

日本首任文部大臣森有礼(1847-1889)的文教改革在日本近代教育路线的探索历程中曾写下浓墨重彩的一笔,而由其组织编纂的"伦理"学科教材《伦理书》素来被认为是反映其德育构想的重要文本。《伦理书》从尊重理性的德育观出发,倡导的不是忠孝之心和君臣之情等情绪的高扬,而是对这些情绪予以引导驾驭的理性。其内含的基本逻辑与日后构成日本天皇制国家意识形态支柱的《教育敕语》大相径庭,而前者所代表的德育理念为我们今天审视批判日本近代国民道德教育的精神传统提供了重要的思想资源。

The reform of education during Mori Arinori’s tenure had a marked impact on the exploration of Japan’s modern education. A textbook of ethics titled "Rinrisho",which was compiled by his organization, has always been regarded as an important text reflecting his conception of moral education. From the viewpoint of moral education which respects reason,"Rinrisho" pays more attention not to the "emotion" such as loyalty to the emperor and filial piety,but to the reason("thought") which guides these emotions. The basic logic contained in it runs counter to the Imperial Rescript on Education, which later formed the ideological pillar of Japan’s imperial system. The idea of moral education represented by the former provides an important ideological resource for the reflection and criticism of the tradition of moral education in modern Japan.