外泌体介导的肿瘤化疗耐药研究进展

Advances in understanding exosomes-mediated tumor chemoresistance

化疗是肿瘤的主要治疗方法之一,在控制肿瘤进展方面发挥着重要作用。然而,化疗药物的长期应用通常会诱导肿瘤细胞对药物产生耐药性,从而导致治疗失败和疾病进展。因此,肿瘤耐药的机制及耐药预防或逆转策略一直是肿瘤治疗研究的热点问题。外泌体(exosomes)是机体细胞分泌的一种直径在40～100 nm之间的小球形囊泡,携带多种生物活性小分子(DNA、ncRNA、mRNA、蛋白质等),参与细胞微环境的调节,从而调控体内多种生理和病理活动。近年来研究表明,外泌体作为细胞-细胞间耐药信号传递的媒介,在肿瘤化疗耐药、转移及免疫逃逸等方面发挥重要作用。本文对外泌体在肿瘤耐药发生中的作用及机制进行综述,旨在为肿瘤耐药的预防或治疗提供新的思路。

Chemotherapy plays an essential role in controlling tumor growth and progression. However, long-term use of chemotherapeutic drugs usually results in drug resistance in tumor cells, leading to treatment failure and disease progression. The mechanism of tumor resistance to chemotherapy and the strategy of prevention or reversal of such resistance have always been hot issues in cancer therapy research. Exosomes are small spherical vesicles secreted by cells with a diameter of 40-100 nm. They carry a variety of bioactive small molecules (including DNA, ncRNA, RNA, and proteins) and participate in regulation of cell microenvironment, thereby affecting a variety of physiological and pathological activities in the body. In recent years, studies have shown that exosomes play an important role in cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy, metastasis, and immune escape. This article reviews the role and mechanism of exosomes in the development of drug resistance in tumors, and aims to provide new ideas for the prevention or treatment of tumor resistance.