经典的沉寂与发现——李白《古风》唐宋接受史论略

The Lost and Discovery of Classics: The Acceptance of Li Bai's Poetic Collection Gufeng in the Tang and Song Dynasties

唐宋时期,李白《古风》五十九首的接受方式大致经历了仿作、选编、评点三个阶段,分别以晚唐贯休和宋初田锡等人同题仿作及宋人员兴宗的戏作、五代韦縠《才调集》和北宋姚铉《唐文粹》的选编、南宋葛立方特别是朱熹等人的评点为节点。这一过程,伴随着不同时段受众"古风"观从模糊到清晰、从泛化到具体、从偏误到矫正的变迁,并展示出两个方面的特殊性:一是诗人主导风格对其另类小众作品的遮蔽,易于形成某一时段的接受空白;一是受众接受方向与诗人对作品的自我期许,往往形成严重错位。就《古风》三百余年接受史而言,朱熹之评点具有承前启后、矫枉开新的作用,可视为引领《古风》接受方向的第一读者。

During the Tang and Song, the acceptance of Li Bai's poetic collection Gufeng (59 poems) went through roughly three stages: imitation, selecting and compiling, and commentary. This process is accompanied with the changes of gufeng (old style) conceptions, i. e., from vagueness to clarification, from generalization to specification, from bias to correction, and is featured with two aspects. First, the poet's dominant style easily marginalized unpopular works, and thus forms an acceptance gap in a period of time. Second, the acceptance of reader often doesn't meet the self-expectation of the poet. In the 300-year acceptance of Gufeng, scholar Zhu Xi's commentary inherited the past and opened up the future. He can be regarded as the first reader who had led the acceptance trend of Gufeng.