论我国个人信息民法保护之完善——兼从平衡权益保护与商业化利用之角度

Research on the Protection of Personal Information in Civil Law in China——From the Perspective of Balance between Right Protection and Commercial Exploitation

通过研究中国裁判文书网公布的样本裁判,发现2014年以来个人信息案件数量迅速增长,司法适用中存在个人信息与其他人格权混同、侵权责任构成要件认识不一、加害行为证明困难、责任程度与损害后果不匹配等问题。产生这些问题一方面是由于现行法律无法为个人信息保护提供可操作的法律规范依据,另一方面是司法裁判中垄断利益与私权利保护的角力。因此在《民法典》编纂中应进一步明晰个人信息的立法界定,科学确定个人信息收集和运用规则,就《民法典·人格权编(草案)》,应删除"为维护公序良俗而实施必要行为"的免责条款,避免对人格权益的过度限制。还应鼓励法官通过个案法益衡量和类型化适用方法,在司法实践中积极从事法的解释和续造。

By studying the cases released on China Judgments Online, we find that the number of personal information cases has greatly increased since 2014. In the judicial application, there are some issues such as the conflation of personal information with other personal rights, the different understanding of constituent elements of the tort liability, the difficulty in proving the injuring behavior, and the mismatch of compensation and damage. These problems are caused by the fact that the current law cannot provide a legal basis for the protection of personal information, and another is that there exists conflict between monopoly interests and private rights protection in judicial decisions. Therefore, in the compilation of the Civil Code, the legislative definition of personal information should be further clarified, and the rules for the collection and use of personal information should be scientifically determined. In the draft of the Civil Code, the exemption from “implementing necessary actions for the maintenance of public order and good customs” should be deletedto avoid excessive restrictions on personality rights. Judges should also be encouraged to actively engage in the interpretation and renewal of law in judicial practice through case-based benefit measurement and stylize dapplication methods.