张瑞敏的水式管理哲学及其理论体系

Ruimin Zhang's Water Management Philosophy and Its Theoretical System

本文在对管理研究进行元理论省视的基础上,借鉴道家管理哲学智慧,系统分析张瑞敏在海尔的管理创新实践,与西方管理理论和哲学思维对话,建构了张瑞敏的水式管理哲学及其理论体系。该理论是由本体论、认识论和方法论构成的管理哲学体系,其核心范畴分别是"上善若水"、"大制不割"和"变易、不易、简易"。围绕其方法论形成动态变革力、共演自驱力和整合转化力三种组织能力,分别对应灵动与无界、自由与开放、连接与系统三类管理思维。在海尔管理实践中,张瑞敏的水式管理哲学贯穿于战略变革、组织结构、员工管理、商业模式和心智模式等各个层面,是海尔"人单合一"管理体系得以成功运行的哲学基础和主导逻辑。本文是在思维方式层面对西方管理哲学的突破性创新,对中国管理哲学的延续性发展和对中国本土管理理论的融合性创新,有助于提升本土管理研究的实践效力,对物联网时代的企业改善经营管理水平具有重要指导价值。

Changes in the Internet of Things era bring major opportunities and challenges to Chinese local management research and enterprise practice. Based on the meta-theoretical view of management research, this paper emphasizes on the wisdom of Taoist management philosophy,systematically analyzes Ruimin Zhang’s management innovation practice in Haier, dialogues with Western management theory and philosophizing, and constructs Ruimin Zhang’s water management philosophy and its theoretical system. The theory is a system of management philosophy consisting of ontology, epistemology and methodology, and its core categories are "loftiness as water","system is uncut" and "change, constant, simple". Focusing on its methodology, it forms three organizational abilities: dynamic transformation ability, coevolution self-drive ability, integrated transformation ability,which correspond to three types of management thinking:"agility and unboundedness","freedom and openness","connection and system". During the period of Haier’s management practice, Ruimin Zhang’s water management philosophy runs through various layers of strategic changes, organizational structures, employee management, business models and mental models. It’s the philosophical foundation and main logic for the success of Haier’s "Rendanheyi" management system. This paper is a breakthrough innovation in Western management philosophy at the level of thinking, the continuous development of Chinese management philosophy and the integrated innovation of Chinese local management theory. which helps to enhance the practical effectiveness of local management researches.This paper has important guiding value of improving the business management level of enterprises in the Internet of Things era.