论社会贫困的两种形态——兼及当今中国社会贫困现状的理论分析

On Two Forms of Social Poverty: A Theoretical Analysis of the Status Quo of Poverty in China

技术性贫困和体制性贫困是社会贫困的两种形态。技术性贫困指的是落后的社会生产而导致的贫困现象,它的实质是生产力的匮乏,表现为物质资料的总体短缺,具有暂时性、过程性、非对抗性的特征;体制性贫困指的是落后的体制机制而导致的贫困现象,它的实质是生产关系的腐旧,表现为社会发展的不平衡,具有长期性、滞后性、对抗性的特征。人类社会经历了从前资本主义的技术性贫困,到资本主义的体制性贫困,再到如今技术性贫困与体制性贫困并存的演化过程。当今中国正处于以技术性贫困为主,体制性贫困日益凸显的阶段,要处理好这一复杂的贫困问题,唯一的出路是全面深化改革。历史一再证明,资本主义不能从根本上消除贫困,只有社会主义才能完全彻底地解决贫困问题。

Technical poverty and institutional poverty are two forms of social poverty. Technical poverty refers to those caused by backward social production;its essence is the lack of productivity;it is known as the overall shortage of material data and characterized by temporariness, processiveness and non-confrontation. Institutional poverty refers to those caused by backward institutional mechanisms;its essence is the corruption of production relations;it is manifested as an imbalance of social development and characterized by long continuation, stagnation and confrontation. Human society has experienced the transformation from technological poverty of pre-capitalism, the institutional poverty of capitalism, to the contemporary combination of the two. The current China is at a stage where technological poverty is the main cause and institutional poverty is increasingly prominent. To deal with this complicated poverty problem, the only way out is to comprehensively deepen reform.History has repeatedly proved that capitalism cannot fundamentally eliminate poverty, and that only socialism can completely solve the problem of poverty.