台湾地区重利罪的规范变迁、审判实践及启示

On the Change of Norms, Judicial Practice and Revelation of the “Offenses of Usury” in Taiwan

民间高利贷应当如何规制在大陆存在诸多争议,台湾地区对高利贷的打击在"刑法"第344条有重利罪进行规制。台湾地区近年来对重利罪进行二度修改,修改后重利罪的犯罪人数锐减。重利罪保护的法益在于真正实现契约自由、私法自治,维护公平、合理的社会经济秩序。台湾学者及实务界关于重利罪构成要件的检讨与争议为大陆惩治高利贷及其他暴利行为提供了借鉴。大陆可借鉴台湾关于重利、被害人弱势地位的认定标准,增设重利罪对暴利放贷及其他暴利行为进行刑事处罚,让处于需求困难境地的弱势群体得到司法保护,将暴力讨债规定为加重处罚情形。

There are many disputes as to how to regulate the folk usurious loan in the mainland while the crackdown on usury is regulated by Article 344 of the Criminal Code in Taiwan. In recent years this article has been modified twice and the number of the offenders is sharply reduced after the modification. The legal interest of the “offenses of usury” protection lies in the realization of freedom of contract autonomy of private law and maintenance of the fair and reasonable social and economic order. In fact the review and dispute on the constituents of the offenses of usury in Taiwan provide a reference for the mainland to publish usury and other profiteering. Therefore the mainland can draw lessons from their identification of usury and standards of the victims vulnerable status and add criminal penalties for profiteering loans and other profiteering acts so as to give judicial protection to the vulnerable groups in predicament. On the other hand severe punishments should be inflicted for profiteering lending and other profiteering acts and the violent collection of debt should be regulated as an aggravating penalty.