内蒙古入境旅游目的地竞争力空间格局特征与影响因素

Spatial pattern and influencing factors of the competitiveness of inbound tourism destinations in Inner Mongolia

入境旅游作为我国文化传播与交流的重要载体对于我国文化建设与产业发展不可或缺;以内蒙古89个县域为研究对象,从资源吸引力、产业实力、接待组织能力三个维度构建评价框架与指标体系,运用模糊层次分析法、函数模型法、ArcGIS Voronoi图分析、障碍度模型等方法,对入境旅游竞争力进行研究。研究结果表明:(1)研究区入境旅游资源吸引力与产业实力呈现出西部高于东部、东部高于中部的空间格局,组织接待能力空间呈现破碎化特征。(2)竞争力呈现西部高于东部、东部高于中部的空间格局,且竞争力较强的县域多分布在内蒙古边缘区。(3)强竞争力与较强竞争力县域在呼和浩特、包头、鄂尔多斯和赤峰、通辽、锡林浩特形成两大竞争力集聚区。(4)准则层中障碍度指数由大到小排名为:旅游资源吸引力,旅游产业实力,旅游接待能力;指标层障碍度来看,位于前5名的单项指标分别是:旅游资源质量,旅游外汇收入,旅游经济联系强度,住宿餐饮业从业人员数量,国际旅行社数。(5)旅游资源吸引力与旅游组织接待能力相差悬殊是造成内蒙古入境旅游目的地旅游竞争力不平衡的主要原因,旅游产业实力差异加剧了竞争力的差异化。

Based on the social and economic statistical data, tourism development data and space vector data of 89 counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,the evaluation framework and its index system about the inbound tourism destination competitiveness were established from three aspects,namely tourism resources attraction,tourism industry strength and tourist reception ability,using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to determine weights,the function model method to calculate the competitiveness index,the ArcGIS software package to analyze the spatial pattern,and the obstacle degree model to analyze competitive obstacle factors and its mechanism of action.The conclusion is summarized as follows:(1) The tourism resources attraction and tourism industrial strength showed a spatial pattern as having the highest value in the west areas,the high value in the east areas,and the low value in the middle areas,while the tourist reception ability presents fragmentation characteristics from space distribution perspective.(2) The overall competitiveness displayed the following spatial pattern: the west is higher than the east,the east is higher than the middle,and the more competitive counties are distributed in the fringe areas of Inner Mongolia.(3) the counties with the strongest competitiveness and stronger competitiveness formed two competitive agglomeration areas in the Midwest and the east.(4) The index of obstacle degree in the criterion layer is listed in a descending order as follows: tourism resource attraction,tourism industry strength,tourist reception ability;from the perspective of the index of obstacle degree,the top five single indicators are: quality of tourism resources,tourism foreign exchange income,tourism economy connection strength,the number of employees in the hospitality industry,the number of international travel agency.(5) The wide difference existed in the tourism resources attraction and the tourist reception ability is the main reason causing the imbalance of tourism competitiveness about the inbound tourism destination in Inner Mongolia,while the difference in the tourism industry intensified the competitive differentiation.