外泌体在卵巢癌诊疗中的应用进展

Application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian tumor

外泌体是近年来多领域的研究热点,其为多囊泡胞内体与细胞膜融合释放到细胞外的脂质双分子层小囊泡,携带有蛋白、核酸、脂质等,与肿瘤的发生发展相关。外泌体在外周血中的浓度,外泌体microRNA及蛋白的种类、表达水平在不同分期卵巢癌患者及健康人中不同,利用外泌体的特性可早期诊断卵巢癌。外泌体具有免疫原性,与肿瘤免疫、肿瘤耐药相关,可进行包括免疫治疗、靶向治疗、耐药治疗和外泌体作为药物载体等在内的治疗,改善卵巢癌患者预后,为卵巢癌患者带来了新的希望。

Exosomes are small vesicles with lipid bilayer structures derived from multivesicular endosomes fused with cell membrane. They carry proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other molecules , closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. The concentration of exosomes in peripheral blood, the types and expression levels of exosomes microRNAs and proteins are different in different stages of ovarian cancer. With these characteristics, exosomes can be used to diagnose ovarian cancer in early stage. Exosomes have the feature of immunogenicity and take part in tumor immune response and drug resistance, indicating that exosomes may have treatment function including immunotherapy, targeted therapy, drug resistance therapy and drug carriers therapy.